Abstracts
Abstract
This essay argues that books, broadly defined to include print and internet publications, played a crucial role in the cultural mainstreaming, including adoption by public schools, of non-Christian religious practices such as yoga and meditation. Promotional books, tactically and ironically, played on the textual bias of Christianity, and especially Protestantism, to re-brand practices borrowed from religious traditions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, as scientific techniques for exercise and stress-reduction, thereby reintegrating religion into public education. The essay begins with a brief history of religion in U.S. and Canadian public education, explains the textual bias of North American assumptions about religion, and analyzes how twentieth-century promoters of practice-centered religions tactically wielded books to increase public acceptance of non-Christian religious practices. The essay focuses on two twenty-first-century examples of religion-based, textually mediated public-school curricula: the Sonima Foundation’s Health and Wellness program of Ashtanga yoga and The Hawn Foundation’s MindUP program of mindfulness meditation.
Résumé
Dans le présent article, nous soutenons que les livres (que nous définirons comme incluant à la fois les publications imprimées et numériques), notamment par leur incorporation au programme d’écoles publiques, ont joué un rôle fondamental dans la normalisation culturelle de pratiques religieuses d’origine non chrétienne comme le yoga et la méditation. De manière stratégique mais non moins ironique, des ouvrages promotionnels ont su profiter du préjugé favorable envers l’écrit observé au sein du christianisme (et plus particulièrement dans le protestantisme) pour conférer une nouvelle image à des pratiques empruntées à d’autres traditions religieuses telles l’hindouisme et le bouddhisme, et désormais présentées comme des techniques scientifiques d’exercice et de réduction du stress. La religion se trouve alors réintégrée au système public d’éducation. Nous brossons d’abord un bref historique de la place de la religion à l'école publique aux États-Unis et au Canada; expliquons en quoi consiste le parti pris textuel qui teinte la réflexion en matière de religion en Amérique du Nord; puis analysons la manière dont les promoteurs de religions axées sur la pratique se sont servis des livres, au xxe siècle, pour favoriser l’acceptation de pratiques religieuses non chrétiennes par le grand public. Nous nous attardons à deux cas, pour le xxie siècle, de programmes scolaires publics où la religion se fait présente par l’entremise des textes : le programme de santé et bien-être par l’entremise du yoga ashtanga de la Sonima Foundation, et le programme MindUP de la Hawn Foundation, qui préconise la méditation de pleine conscience.
Appendices
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