Abstracts
Abstract
This essay examines the preparation, distribution, and reception of Christian literature in nineteenth-century India. To the missionaries, the contemporary publishing landscape lacked any moral content. The output of Indian-owned presses, dominated by religious works, was contemptible; the popular literature imported from Europe deplored; and “infidel” works feared for their potential to turn Indians against all religion. To battle all this, the urgency to prepare a “moral” literature was at the heart of the evangelical project. Indian Christian works ranged from Bible translation into regional languages to all kinds of “support” literature. Various channels were used to distribute this literature, both individual and institutional. Counter-attacks were mounted by India’s own religious communities, turning the missionaries’ own methods against them.
Résumé
Dans le présent article, nous étudions la conception, la diffusion et la réception de la littérature chrétienne en Inde au xixe siècle. Aux yeux des missionnaires, le paysage éditorial de l’époque était dépourvu de toute composante morale. Ceux-ci dédaignaient à la fois la production des presses détenues par des Indiens, composée surtout d’ouvrages religieux, et la littérature populaire importée d’Europe. Quant aux oeuvres « infidèles », elles étaient redoutées, car elles auraient pu détourner les Indiens de toute religion. Pour contrer ces menaces, il apparaissait impératif de proposer une littérature « morale », projet au coeur de l’entreprise évangélique et soutenu par une croyance pratiquement magique quant au pouvoir de conversion du Verbe imprimé. Les oeuvres chrétiennes produites en Inde allaient des traductions de la Bible dans des langues régionales à la documentation d’« accompagnement » en tout genre. Divers réseaux, tant individuels qu’institutionnels, étaient utilisés pour la diffusion de cette littérature. Cependant, la contre-attaque s’organisa chez les communautés religieuses indigènes, de sorte que les méthodes préconisées par les missionnaires en vinrent à se retourner contre eux.
Appendices
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