Abstracts
Résumé
Les politiques raciales et culturelles concernant l’accès à la terre et la propriété sont au coeur des luttes urbaines, mais ont reçu relativement peu d’attention de la part des géographes. Cet article analyse les luttes pour l’accès à la terre qui ont cours à Détroit, où plus de 100 000 terrains sont classés comme « vacants ». Depuis 2010, les urbanistes et les autorités gouvernementales ont élaboré des plans controversés dans le but de ruraliser les quartiers « vacants » de Détroit dans le cadre d’un programme d’austérité fiscale, ranimant d’anciennes questions de dépossession liée à la race, de souveraineté et de luttes de libération. Cet article se penche sur ces politiques litigieuses à travers l’examen des conflits provoqués par la proposition d’un homme d’affaires blanc de construire la plus grande forêt urbaine du monde au centre d’une ville à majorité noire. Je me suis intéressée à la façon dont les résidents, les agriculteurs urbains et les activistes communautaires ont résisté au projet en revendiquant les terrains vacants en tant que communs urbains. Ils ont fait valoir que ces terres sont occupées et qu’elles appartiennent à ceux qui ont travaillé et souffert pour elles. En combinant l’ethnographie communautaire aux idées de la théorie critique de la propriété, des études critiques de la race et de la théorie postcoloniale, je soutiens que les luttes pour la terre à Détroit dépassent les conflits sur la redistribution des ressources. Elles sont indissociables des débats sur les notions de race, de propriété et de citoyenneté qui sous-tendent les démocraties libérales modernes et les luttes actuelles pour la décolonisation.
Mots-clés :
- lutte pour la terre,
- race,
- propriété,
- informalité,
- verdissement urbain,
- communs urbains,
- décolonisation,
- Détroit
Abstract
The racial and cultural politics of land and property are central to urban struggle, but have received relatively little attention in geography. This paper analyzes land struggles in Detroit where over 100,000 parcels of land are classified as “vacant”. Since 2010, planners and government officials have been developing controversial plans to ruralize Detroit’s “vacant” neighborhoods as part of a program of fiscal austerity, reigniting old questions of racialized dispossession, sovereignty, and struggles for liberation. This paper analyzes these contentious politics by examining disputes over a White businessman’s proposal to build the world’s largest urban forest in the center of a Black majority city. I focus on how residents, urban farmers, and community activists resisted the project by making counterclaims to vacant land as an urban commons. They argued that the land is inhabited not empty and that it belonged to those who labored upon and suffered for it. Combining community-based ethnography with insights from critical property theory, critical race studies, and postcolonial theory, I argue that land struggles in Detroit are more than distributional conflicts over resources. They are inextricable from debates over notions of race, property, and citizenship that undergird modern liberal democracies and ongoing struggles for decolonization.
Keywords:
- land struggles,
- race,
- property,
- informality,
- urban greening,
- commons,
- decolonization,
- Detroit
Appendices
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