Abstracts
Résumé
L’informalité économique est généralement définie comme l’absence d’action étatique à cause de déficits institutionnels dans la capacité de l’État à réguler les activités économiques sur son territoire. Il existe un certain consensus sur l’importance de comprendre le rôle de l’État dans la suppression ou la croissance de l’informalité, afin de mieux expliquer l’étendue, la nature et l’évolution de l’économie informelle. Ce texte discute du rôle de l’État dans le double processus de désyndicalisation et d’informalisation dans le secteur de la construction résidentielle. L’un des effets prévisibles de ce double processus est la diminution des conditions de travail. Le travail précaire est de plus en plus important et les travailleurs immigrants (plusieurs sans statut légal dans le pays) sont devenus des « travailleurs de choix » pour les contracteurs qui se font la concurrence sur la base d’une diminution des coûts et la sueur des ouvriers.
Abstract
Economic informality is generally understood as arising from an absence of state action in the economy owing to institutional deficits, principally in the state’s capacities to regulate economic activities occurring within its territory. With regard to the role of the state in either inhibiting or fostering the spread of informality, there appears to be a consensus that adequate explanations of the scope, nature, and evolution of the informal economy must have as a central component an understanding of the state’s role in shaping these dynamics. This paper assesses the state’s role in facilitating the twin processes of deunionization and informalization in the residential construction industry, which has had the predictable outcome of lowering labour standards. Precarious work has proliferated, and immigrant workers, many of whom are undocumented, have become the “workers of choice” for construction contractors who compete based on low costs and the sweating of labour.
Appendices
Bibliographie
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