Abstracts
Abstract
This paper interprets Collingwood Ontario’s negotiation of “leisurescape” in the context of global economic and cultural forces centering on the production of rural places as playgrounds for the urban middle class. Host communities that articulate “leisurescape” demanded by tourist resorts may certainly negotiate economic and cultural benefits, as well as bear the costs. However, negotiation of the place of “leisurescape” in relation to other sources of community identity is mediated by the depth, and breadth of alternative sources as well as the existence of platforms upon which symbolic negotiation can take place. Located in the literatures on urban gentrification and cultural commodification, the paper follows discourse converging on three symbolic “crises” centered on the community’s definitive shipyard site. It is argued that communities are not necessarily consigned to become opaque mirrors of the tourist gaze. Rather, resort development can stimulate the conscious negotiation of community symbols, potentially capable of co-locating industry and leisurescapes.
Résumé
Dans cet article, l’auteur interprète les négociations de la ville de Collingwood (Ontario) au sujet de l’établissement de sites de villégiature, en fonction des forces culturelles et économiques mondiales centrées sur l’utilisation des milieux ruraux comme lieux de villégiature (leisurescapes) pour la classe moyenne urbaine. Les communautés qui créent des sites de villégiature (leisurescapes) à la demande des stations touristiques peuvent certainement en retirer des avantages culturels et économiques, mais doivent tout de même en assumer les coûts. Toutefois, l’étendue et l’ampleur des solutions de rechange ainsi que les différentes tribunes où un dialogue symbolique pourrait être engagé influent sur la problématique de l’emplacement des sites de villégiature (leisurescapes) par rapport aux différents aspects de la spécificité de la communauté hôte. Le présent article, qui s’intègre aux publications sur l’embourgeoisement des villes et la création de produits culturels, s’inscrit dans un discours centré sur trois crises symboliques liées au chantier naval de Collingwood. Selon ce discours, les communautés doivent être autre chose que le miroir dans lequel se reflète le regard du touriste. Au contraire, l’établissement de sites de villégiature doit stimuler le rétablissement des symboles définissant la communauté hôte, ce qui permettrait peut-être à l’industrie et aux sites de villégiatures de cohabiter.
Resumen
En este artículo, el autor interpreta las negociaciones de la ciudad de Collingwood (Ontario) con relación del establecimiento de sitios de veraneo (leisurescape*), en el contexto de las fuerzas culturales y económicas mundiales centradas sobre la utilización de los medios rurales como zonas de recreación para la clase media urbana. Las comunidades anfitrionas que crean los sitios de veraneo (leisurescape*) por pedido de las estaciones turísticas, pueden con certitud retirar ventajas culturales y económicas, pero deben por lo menos asumir los costos. Sin embargo, lo extenso y amplio de las soluciones de recambio así como las diferentes tribunas donde un diálogo simbólico podría ser emprendido influyen sobre la problemática del emplazamiento del sitio de veraneo (leisurescape*) con relación a los diferentes aspectos de la especificidad de la comunidad anfitriona. El presente artículo que se integra a las publicaciones sobre la tendencia burguesa de las ciudades y la creación de productos culturales, se inscribe en un discurso centrado en tres crisis simbólicas ligadas al astillero de construcción de Collingwood. Según el discurso, las comunidades deben ser otra cosa que el espejo en el cual se refleja la mirada del turista. Al contrario, el establecimiento de sitios de veraneo debe estimular el restablecimiento de los símbolos que definen la comunidad anfitriona, lo que permitiría quizás a la industria y a los sitios de veraneo de cohabitar.
Appendices
References
- Abali, A. and Onder, D. (1990). The local architectural image in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 280-311.
- Arp, Barbara (1983). Reflections: an historical anthology of Collingwood. Collingwood, Town of Collingwood.
- Ashworth, G. and Tunbridge, J. (1990). The tourist-historic city. Chichester, Wiley.
- Beardsworth, A. and Bryman, A. (1999). Late modernity and the dynamics of quasification: The case of the themed restaurant. The Sociological Review, 47(2), 229-257.
- Bondi, L. (1992). Gender symbols and urban landscapes. Progress in Human Geography, 16(2), 157-70.
- Boniface, P. and Fowler, P. (1993). Heritage and tourism in the global village. London, Routledge.
- Bryman, A. (1999). The Disneyization of society. The Sociological Review, 47(1), 25-47.
- Cartier, C. (1998). Megadevelopment in Malaysia: From heritage landscapes to “leisurescapes” in Melaka’s tourism sector. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 19(2), 151-176.
- Caulfield, J. (1989). Gentrification and desire. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 26, 617-32.
- Chang, T. (1997). Heritage as a tourism commodity: Traversing the tourist-local divide. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 18(1), 46-68.
- Chang, T., Milne, S., Fallon, D. and Pohlmann, C. (1996). Urban heritage tourism: The global-local nexus. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 284-305.
- Crang, M. (1994). On the heritage trail: Maps of an journeys to olde Englande. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 12, 341-355.
- Ehrentraut, A. (1993). Heritage authenticity and domestic tourism in Japan. Annals of Tourism Research, 20, 262-278.
- Gillham, S. (1981). The ships of Collingwood. St. Catherines, Riverbank Traders.
- Greenwood, D. (1977). Culture by the pound: An anthropological perspective on tourism as cultural commoditization. In L. Smith (ed.). Hosts and guests. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Hall, C. (1994). Tourism and politics: policy, power and place. Chichester, Wiley.
- Holloway, J. (1986). Untitled letter to Collingwood’s Mayor and Town Council published by the Enterprise Bulletin, Aug. 27, 2a.
- Hughes, G. (1992). Tourism and the geographical imagination. Leisure Studies, 11, 31-42.
- Johnson, N. (1999). Framing the past: Time, space and the politics of heritage tourism in Ireland. Political Geography, 18, 187-207.
- Lash, S. and Urry, J. (1994). Economies of signs and space. London, Sage.
- Lees, L. (1994). Rethinking gentrification: Beyond the positions of economics or culture. Progress in Human Geography, 18 (2), 137-50.
- Ley, D. (1986). Alternative explanations for inner city gentrification: A Canadian assessment. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70, 238-58.
- Ley, D. (1987). Styles of the times: Liberal and neo-conservative landscapes in inner Vancouver 1968-1986. Journal of Historical Geography, 13, 40-56.
- Macnaghten, P. and Urry, J. (1998). Contested natures. London, Sage.
- Mills, C. Life on the upslope: The postmodern landscape of gentrification. Environment and Planning, D 6, 169-89.
- Mordue, T. (1999). Heartbeat Country: Conflicting values, coinciding visions. Environment and planningA, 31, 629-646.
- Nuryanti, W. (1996). Heritage and postmodern tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2), 249-260.
- Ritzer, G. (1993). The Macdonaldization of Society. Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge.
- Ritzer, G. and Liska, A. (1997). McDisneyization and post-tourism: Complementary perspectives on contemporary tourism. Ch. 5 in C. Rojek, and J. Urry, (eds.), Touring cultures: Transformations of travel and theory. London, Routledge
- Rojek, C. (1997). Indexing, dragging and the social construction of tourist sights. Ch. 3 in C. Rojek, and J. Urry, (eds.), Touring cultures: Transformations of travel and theory. London, Routledge.
- Shields, R. (1991). Places on the margin: Alternative geographies of modernity. London, Routledge.
- Sternberg, E (1997). The iconography of the tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4), 951-969.
- Stevenson, D. (1999). Reflections of a “great port city”: the case of Newcastle, Australia. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 17, 105-119.
- Suchar, C. (1992). Icons and images of gentrification: the changed material culture of an urban community.
- Thorns, D. (1997). The global meets the local: Tourism and the representation of the New Zealand City. Urban Affairs Review, 33(2): 189-208.
- Weider, G. (1990). Blue Mountain. Erin, Ont., The Boston Mills Press.
- Whitson, D. (2001). Nature as playground: Recreation and gentrification in the Mountain West, in R. Epp and D. Whitson (eds.), Writing off the rural West: Globalization, governments, and the transformation of rural communities, University of Alberta Press, in press.
- Williams, P. (1986). Class constitution through spatial reconstruction? A re-evaluation of gentrification in Australia, Britain and the US. In N. Smith, and P. Williams, (eds.) Gentrification of the City. London, Allen and Unwin.
- Woodcock, Robert (1983). Side launch: The Collingwood Shipyard spectacle. Toronto, Summerhill.
- British Columbia Report (1997). The king of the mountains: Resort mogul Joe Houssain schusses Intrawest into top spot in North America: Intrawest buys Whistler Mountain and Colorado’s Copper Mountain. 8(26): 20-21, Feb. 24.
- Enterprise Bulletin (20/3/1985). Good news for shipyard, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (24/4/1985). Making waves the shipyard way, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (24/4/1985). Shipyards” team gets praise at launching luncheon, p. 10a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (5/6/1985). One contract left on shipyards order book, p. 4a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (3/7/1985). Shipyard warns of “final shutdown”, p.1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (16/10/1985). Ship conversion delay angers Mitges, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (13/11/1985). Leo Gerard prepares to lobby Ottawa for help for Canadian shipbuilders, p.1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (19/2/1986). Walsh pans lack of a shipbuilding policy, p. 1b.
- Enterprise Bulletin (5/3/1985). Ministers miss meetings, but Ottawa hears from shipbuilding delegation, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (5/3/1986). Number of workers in shipyard may be 75 in summer, p. 3a (i).
- Enterprise Bulletin (5/3/1986). Legislative committee is informed “shipping industry is in fragile state”, p. 3a (ii).
- Enterprise Bulletin (5/3/1986). No budget help for shipbuilders, “that’s the way it is,” says Mitges, p. 12a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (15/1/1986). Industry, Mayor still seeking government’s help, p. 11a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (2/4/1986). We win and lose Algosoo contract: Union, management blame each other, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (2/4/1986). Algosoo job lost, agony continues. 4a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (30/4/1986). Rally to help the shipyards, Ottawa, here we come, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (11/6/1986). Still no help in sight for our shipyards, p. 1a
- Enterprise Bulletin (18/6/1986). Sonar domes may prevent ships being refitted at local yards, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (30/6/1986). Icebreaker gets a name, shipyard waits for news, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (27/8/1986). What do you think about the closing of the shipyards?, p. 1a (i).
- Enterprise Bulletin (20/11/1985). Fewer seek work in Collingwood Area, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (27/8/1986). We lose one firm and gain two more, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (27/8/1986). Mayor looks for new phoenix from ashes, p. 2a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (17/9/1986). Shipyard memorabilia is becoming popular in Collingwood, p. 1a
- Enterprise Bulletin (27/8/1986). Many steps taken to save yard says commission chairman, p. 3a
- Enterprise Bulletin (10/9/1986). Council waits for waterfront plans, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (4/3/1987). The shipyards: an $80 million dollar plan. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (11/3/1987). Shipyard proposal: Planning committee approves redevelopment plan “in principle,” p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (11/3/1987). Shipyard development “really good idea,” Nixon tells newspaper at meeting, p. 3a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (2/12/1987). Shipyard, council to sign deal December 14, p. 11a
- Enterprise Bulletin [Peter Stransky] (6/1/88). Concerning the former shipyard property, p. 5a
- Enterprise Bulletin (13/1/88). Editorially speaking, p. 4a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (3/2/88). Stransky pleased with response from ad, p. 2a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (31/8/88). Collingwood means industry at it’s best, p. 4a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (28/9/1988), proposal for shipyard site is being revised by CSL, p. 2a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (26/11/1988). New Town Council meets CSL Brass, p. 1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (21/1/1989). New Theatre not part of waterfront development, p. 2a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (7/2/1989). Economic Times uncertain in area, p. 4a
- Enterprise Bulletin (10/5/1989). Shipyard project: Nothing firm yet, p.1a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (26/7/1989). Shipyard property is rezoned and put in holding pattern, p. 3a.
- Enterprise Bulletin (17/12/1986) More condominiums for town’s west end, p. a1.
- Enterprise Bulletin (2/9/98). Shipyards demolition “bittersweet” for many, p. a1.
- Enterprise Bulletin (7/1/99). Affordable housing good business too, p. a4.
- Enterprise Bulletin (16/1/99). Intrawest buys into Blue, p. a1.
- Enterprise Bulletin (16/1/99). What do you want to have happen in your own community?, p. a2.
- Enterprise Bulletin (16/1/99). Collingwood greets sale deal with guarded optimism, p. a3.
- Enterprise Bulletin (16/1/99). Intrawest deal creates new chapter for area, p. a4.
- Enterprise Bulletin (23/1/99). Intrawest brings Midas touch to local resort development, p. a9.
- Enterprise Bulletin (17/2/99). Intrawest gives area “confidence”, p. a2.
- Enterprise Bulletin (24/2/99). Growth predicted for Collingwood, p. a1
- Enterprise Bulletin (24/2/99). New development good news, p. a3
- Enterprise Bulletin (24/2/99). Collingwood open to sharing, p. a4.
- Enterprise Bulletin (6/3/99). Honda still keen on Collingwood, p. a3.
- Enterprise Bulletin (24/3/99). Home sales on the rise, p. a6.
- Enterprise Bulletin (31/3/99). Mayors seek to mend fences, p. a3.
- Enterprise Bulletin (7/4/99). Mayors want more positive relationship, p. a5.
- Enterprise Bulletin (10/4/99). $252,000 for Harbourlands.
- Enterprise Bulletin (17/4/99). Collingwood bypassed, p. a1.
- Enterprise Bulletin (21/4/99). Editorial: Plan to keep Collingwood alive, p. a4.
- Enterprise Bulletin (28/4/99). Collingwood not happy with Tory bill, p. a8.
- Enterprise Bulletin (4/5/99). Chi Cheemaun homecoming: Ship part of history, p. a1.
- Enterprise Bulletin (11/5/99). Collingwood has booming factory sector, p. a7.
- Enterprise Bulletin (21/5/99). Intrawest bringer of good times say St. Jovite businesses, p. a1.
- Enterprise Bulletin (11/6/99). CSL not as bullish on Collingwood as mayor, p. a3.
- Enterprise Bulletin (29/6/99). Collingwood one of the best towns around, p. a1.
- Enterprise Bulletin (27/7/99). Non-residential construction spared, p. a3.
- Enterprise Bulletin (20/8/99). Gedes refutes town not cooperating, p. a5.
- Enterprise Bulletin (14/9/99). Still has lots to do during term – Gedes, p. a2.
- Enterprise Bulletin (16/11/99). Blue development “magical,” says Houssain, p. 4.
- Enterprise Bulletin (12/3/99). The tale of two visions, p. 1.
- Low, Norm (1986). The shipyard worker wants the truth. The Enterprise Bulletin, Letters to the Editor, 19/9, p. 4a.