Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article vise à comprendre le rôle des connaissances issues du pays d’origine dans les activités d’innovation des entrepreneurs immigrants au sein du pays d’accueil. En mobilisant la littérature sur l’entrepreneuriat transnational de la diaspora et l’innovation ouverte, nous explorons le cas de quatre entrepreneurs africains installés à Montréal. Ces entrepreneurs devaient bénéficier de manière régulière des connaissances du pays d’origine, à travers la mise en place de projets d’innovation avec des acteurs au sein de cet environnement. Les résultats montrent que les connaissances mobilisées par les entrepreneurs dans le pays d’origine proviennent principalement de leur capital social et humain. Le capital social est mobilisé à travers des relations informelles ou formelles avec des membres de la famille, des amis ou des partenaires professionnels, tandis que le capital humain est mobilisé à travers l’expérience de l’entrepreneur. Ces connaissances du pays d’origine permettent aux entrepreneurs d’introduire des innovations de produits/services, de position, de processus et de paradigme au sein du pays d’accueil qui, à leur tour, sont porteuses de retombées économiques et sociales dans le pays d’origine. Cette étude enrichit la compréhension du lien entre l’entrepreneuriat immigrant et l’innovation, tout en mettant en lumière l’impact social et économique des entrepreneurs de la diaspora dans leur pays d’origine.
Mots-clés :
- Entrepreneuriat immigrant,
- Entrepreneuriat transnational,
- Innovation ouverte,
- Pays d’origine,
- Pays d’accueil
Abstract
This article aims to understand the role of knowledge derived from the home country in the innovation activities of immigrant entrepreneurs within the host country. By drawing upon the literature on transnational entrepreneurship and open innovation, we explore the case of four African entrepreneurs based in Montreal. These entrepreneurs regularly benefited from knowledge originating from their home country, facilitated through the implementation of innovation projects involving partners within that environment. The findings indicate that the knowledge mobilized by entrepreneurs from the home country primarily stems from their social and human capital. Social capital is mobilized through informal or formal relationships with family members, friends, or professional partners, while human capital is mobilized through the entrepreneur’s experience. This knowledge from the home country enables entrepreneurs to introduce product/service innovations, positioning innovations, process innovations, and paradigm innovations within the host country, which in turn, yield economic and social benefits in the home country. This study enriches the understanding of the link between immigrant entrepreneurship and innovation, while highlighting the social and economic impact of diaspora entrepreneurs in their home country.
Keywords:
- Immigrant entrepreneurship,
- Transnational entrepreneurship,
- Open innovation,
- Home country,
- Host country
Resumen
Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender el papel del conocimiento derivado del país de origen en las actividades de innovación de los emprendedores inmigrantes dentro del país anfitrión. Al movilizar la literatura sobre el emprendimiento transnacional de la diáspora y la innovación abierta, exploramos el caso de cuatro empresarios africanos radicados en Montreal. Estos empresarios regularmente se beneficiaban del conocimiento originario de su país de origen, facilitado a través de la implementación de proyectos de innovación que involucraban a actores dentro de ese entorno. Los resultados indican que el conocimiento movilizado por los empresarios desde el país de origen proviene principalmente de su capital social y humano. El capital social se moviliza a través de relaciones informales o formales con miembros de la familia, amigos o socios profesionales, mientras que el capital humano se moviliza a través de la experiencia del empresario. Este conocimiento del país de origen permite a los empresarios introducir innovaciones en productos/servicios, innovaciones en posicionamiento, innovaciones en procesos e innovaciones en paradigmas dentro del país anfitrión, que a su vez generan beneficios económicos y sociales en el país de origen. Este estudio enriquece la comprensión del vínculo entre el emprendimiento inmigrante y la innovación, al tiempo que destaca el impacto social y económico de los empresarios de la diáspora en su país de origen.
Palabras clave:
- Emprendimiento inmigrante,
- Emprendimiento transnacional,
- Innovación abierta,
- País de origen,
- País anfitrión
Appendices
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