Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article a pour objectif de comprendre comment les entrepreneurs de profils variés traversent la crise de la Covid-19 au Québec. En mobilisant une approche processuelle, et à partir de l’analyse qualitative de 30 entrevues, notre étude fait ressortir une séquence en trois phases, reflétant une évolution du rapport au temps des entrepreneurs, que nous avons nommé « l’effet élastique ». Les résultats identifient ensuite les thèmes dominants qui caractérisent chaque phase vécue. Notre étude offre plusieurs contributions importantes. Elle montre que le rapport au temps joue un rôle important lorsque les entrepreneurs passent à travers la crise et souligne ainsi l’importance du facteur humain. De plus, par l’identification des trois phases successives, l’étude mène au constat qu’il y a une synchronicité dans ce rapport au temps suite à l’éclatement de la crise, et ce malgré certaines variations individuelles et contextuelles qui teintent les réalités entrepreneuriales. Au niveau pratique, reconnaître et anticiper l’effet élastique pourrait permettre une meilleure préparation et gestion de futures crises externes majeures. Enfin, les dimensions de contexte identifiées peuvent être intégrées dans des savoirs transmis par les accompagnateurs à l’entrepreneuriat, pour mieux soutenir les entrepreneurs en situation de crise.
Mots-clés:
- Approche processuelle,
- Entrepreneuriat,
- Crise,
- Covid-19,
- Contexte,
- Rapport au temps
Abstract
This paper aims to provide a better understanding of how entrepreneurs with diverse profiles and located in Quebec go through the Covid-19 crisis. We suggest a qualitative case study (30 interviews) and adopt a processual lens. As a result of the analysis, a sequence of three phases emerges. This sequence describes the evolution of the entrepreneurs’ time perception which we call the elasticity effect. The findings of this study then identify the dominant themes which characterize each phase which entrepreneurs experience. Hence, this study suggests several contributions. First and foremost, it shows that time perception plays an important role when going through a crisis which also highlights the human factor. Moreover, through the identification of three successive phases, the study leads to the assumption that despite certain individual and contextual variations which tinge the entrepreneurial process, there is a synchronicity of time perception after the outbreak of the crisis. These findings lead to an important practical contribution: the recognition and anticipation of the “elasticity effect” could allow a better preparation and management of future major external crises. Finally, the identified contextual factors can become a part of knowledge which is transferred by entrepreneurial supporters in order to better support entrepreneurs in times of crisis.
Keywords:
- Processual Approach,
- Entrepreneurship,
- Crisis,
- Covid-19,
- Context,
- Time perception
Resumen
Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender los eventos y elementos contextuales que caracterizan el proceso emprendedor durante la crisis de Covid-19, tal como lo experimentan los emprendedores en Quebec. Al utilizar un enfoque procesual, nuestro análisis cualitativo de 30 entrevistas revela una secuencia en tres fases. Esta secuencia refleja que los emprendedores tienen una relación particular con el tiempo, que evoluciona, y que la hemos llamado el efecto elástico. Los resultados luego identifican los temas dominantes que caracterizan cada fase vivida por los emprendedores. Nuestro estudio ofrece varias contribuciones. En primer lugar, el estudio muestra que la percepción del tiempo juega un rol importante cuando se atraviesa una crisis, lo que también subraya la importancia del factor humano. Además, a través de la identificación de tres fases sucesivas, el estudio lleva a suponer que a pesar de ciertas variaciones individuales y contextuales que tiñen el proceso emprendedor, existe una sincronicidad de la percepción del tiempo después del estallido de la crisis. A nivel práctico, reconocer y anticipar el «efecto elástico» podría permitir una mejor preparación y gestión de futuras crisis externas importantes. En segundo lugar, las dimensiones contextuales identificadas pueden integrarse en el conocimiento transmitido a través del apoyo empresarial, para orientar mejor a los emprendedores en situaciones de crisis.
Palabras clave:
- Enfoque procesual,
- Emprendimiento,
- Crisis,
- Covid-19,
- Contexto,
- Perception del tiempo
Appendices
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