Abstracts
Résumé
Alors que le capital humain demeure l’actif stratégique le plus important pour assurer la compétitivité des entreprises et leur pérennité, que savons-nous de la gestion des ressources humaines dans les PME ? Ce texte présente une revue de la littérature scientifique concernant la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH) dans les PME. Les 167 articles empiriques répertoriés à partir des bases de données bibliographiques ABI/Inform et Repère sont classés en fonction de la nature des connaissances produites. Ces articles sont ainsi divisés en cinq catégories : (1) les pratiques RH utilisées dans les PME, (2) leurs caractéristiques distinctives par rapport aux grandes entreprises ; (3) les déterminants de l’adoption des pratiques RH ; (4) leurs conséquences sur la performance des PME ; (5) les processus à travers lesquels les pratiques RH sont modifiées. Les résultats montrent que les études ont surtout consisté à vérifier si le modèle de GRH des grandes entreprises s’applique aux PME. La formalisation des pratiques RH a également beaucoup retenu l’attention. De façon générale, peu d’études ont été réalisées sur chacun des divers aspects de la GRH et leurs résultats sont discordants. Des pistes de recherche sont proposées en vue de favoriser le développement des connaissances.
Mots-clés:
- Gestion des ressources humaines (GRH),
- Pratiques RH,
- PME,
- Revue de la littérature,
- Bilan des connaissances,
- Management
Abstract
While human capital remains the most important strategic asset for ensuring business competitiveness and sustainability, what do we know about human resource management in SMEs? This paper presents a literature review on human resource management (HRM) in SMEs. The 167 empirical articles found by searching the ABI/Inform and Repère databases are classified according to the nature of the knowledge they generated. These articles are then sorted into five categories according to whether they relate to (1) HR practices used in SMEs, (2) their distinctive characteristics compared to large enterprises, (3) the determinants of the adoption of HR practices, 4) their impact on the performance of SMEs, and (5) the processes through which HR practices are modified. The results show that the main focus of the studies was to verify whether large enterprises HRM model applies to SMEs. The formalization of HR practices has also attracted attention. In general, few studies have been done on the various aspects of HRM and their results are conflicting. Several research directions are proposed.
Keywords:
- Human resources management (HRM),
- HR practices,
- SMEs,
- Literature review,
- Management
Resumen
Aunque el capital humano se mantiene como el activo estratégico más inportante para asegurar la competitividad y sostenibilidad de las empresas, qué sabemos realmente de la gestión de recursos humanos en las PyME ? Este texto representa una revisión de la literatura científica relacionada con la gestión de los recursos humanos (GRH) en la pequeña y mediana empresa (PyME). Los ciento sesenta y siete artículos empíricos registrados a partir de las bases de datos bibliográficas ABI/Inform y Repère se catalogan de acuerdo a cinco categorías, establecidas a partir de la naturaleza de los conocimientos obtenidos. Los artículos se clasifican entonces en : (1) las prácticas RH utilizadas en la PyME, (2) las características que las distinguen de las grandes empresas, (3) los factores determinantes de la aplicación de dichas prácticas RH, (4) el impacto de las prácticas RH en el rendimiento de la PyME y (5) los procedimiento mediante los cuales se pueden modificar las mismas. Los análisis aplicados demuestran que los estudios se concentran principalmente en demostrar si los modelos de GRH de las grandes empresas se pueden aplicar a la PyME y en la formalización de las prácticas RH. De manera general pocos estudios se realizan sobre los diversos aspectos de la GRH y los resultados son discordantes. Los estudios proponen algunas líneas de investigación en vistas de favorecer el desarrollo de conocimientos.
Palabras clave:
- Gestión de los recursos humanos,
- Prácticas RH,
- Pequeña y mediana empresa,
- Revisión de la literatura,
- Gestión
Appendices
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