Abstracts
Résumé
Dans un monde de plus en plus concurrentiel, l’entreprise se doit d’avoir un système d’information performant. L’ERP est devenu la solution pour de nombreuses entreprises et un élément clé de la stratégie. Mais l’implantation d’un tel produit en interne est une opération lourde du point de vue financier, organisationnel et de délai de mise en oeuvre. L’ERP en ligne (cloud) peut alors se révéler être une solution intéressante face à ces contraintes. Les avantages qu’il présente faciliteraient son adoption au sein des PME. Aussi, cette recherche s’attache-t-elle à déterminer les facteurs qui peuvent inciter ou freiner les PME dans l’adoption d’une telle solution. Elle s’appuie sur le modèle TAM, enrichi de propositions issues de la théorie de la diffusion de l’innovation. Notre modèle a été testé auprès d’entreprises de la région Centre, sur la base d’un questionnaire en ligne et de 64 réponses exploitables.Il ressort que les décideurs sont sensibles à deux variables qui influent directement sur l’intention d’adopter ou de continuer à utiliser un ERP en ligne pour les entreprises qui en seraient déjà équipées, l’utilité perçue ainsi que la sécurité et la confiance qu’ils mettent dans une telle solution. Mais il apparaît aussi que d’autres variables agissent indirectement, comme l’influence sociale, qui joue un rôle central dans le modèle, mais aussi la taille de l’entreprise, les bénéfices perçus en termes de statut et l’attitude envers les innovations technologiques.
Mots-clés :
- ERP,
- Cloud computing,
- TAM,
- Diffusion de l’innovation,
- Systèmes d’information
Abstract
In a more and more competitive world, the company needs a powerful information system. ERP became the solution for numerous companies and a key element of the strategy. But the setting-up of such an in-house product is a heavy operation from different point of view, financial, organizational or still of delay of implementation. On-line ERP (cloud) can then turn out to be an interesting solution in the face of these constraints. The advantages that it presents would facilitate its adoption within SMEs. So, this research attempts to determine the factors which can incite or slow down SMEs in the adoption of such a solution. It is based on TAM, improved by proposals stemming from the Diffusion Theory Model. Our model was tested with companies of the Region Centre in France, on the basis of a on-line questionnaire and of 64 exploitable answers. It appears that decision-makers are sensitive to two variables which directly influence the intention to adopt or to continue the use of an on-line ERP for companies which have already been equipped, the perceived use and, the security and trust they put in such a solution. But it appears than other variables exercise an indirect influence as well, in particular social influence which plays a central role in the model but also the size of the company, the perceived benefits in terms of status and the attitude to the technological innovations.
Keywords:
- ERP,
- Cloud computing,
- TAM,
- Innovation diffusion theory,
- Information systems
Resumen
En un mundo dominado cada día más por la competencia económica, la empresa tiene que disponer de un sistema informativo eficiente. El ERP se ha convertido en la solución apropiada para un gran número de empresas y un elemento clave de su estrategia. Sin embargo, la implantación de tal producto en el ámbito interno constituye una operación compleja en lo referente a la financiación, la organización y el plazo de aplicación. El ERP online (cloud) puede resultar, por lo tanto, una solución interesante frente a dichos obstáculos. Las ventajas que ofrece harán más fácil su adopción dentro de las PyME. Por ello, la investigación intenta determinar los factores que puedan incitar o frenar a las PyME en la adopción de semejante solución. Se basa en el modelo TAM completado por propuestas resultantes de la teoría de la difusión de la innovación. Nuestro modelo ha sido objeto de pruebas realizadas en empresas de la Région Centre de Francia, con base a un cuestionario en línea y 64 respuestas aprovechables. Resulta que los responsables de decisiones tienen en cuenta dos variables que influyen directamente en la intención de adoptar o seguir utilizando un ERP online, para empresas ya dotadas del mismo, la utilidad percibida, así como la seguridad y confianza que relacionan con dicha solución. Sin embargo, parece también que otras variables actúan indirectamente, como por ejemplo la influencia social, que desempeña un papel central en el modelo, y el tamaño de la empresa, los beneficios obtenidos en lo que se refiere a los estatutos y la actitud ante las innovaciones tecnológicas.
Palabras clave:
- ERP,
- Cloud computing,
- TAM,
- Difusión de la innovación,
- Sistemas de información
Appendices
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