Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article concerne l’analyse de l’influence de l’exportation sur la productivité et l’innovation dans les entreprises. L’objectif est d’évaluer l’effet de l’exportation sur la performance des entreprises en mettant en évidence le rôle clé de l’apprentissage par l’exportation. Les différentes hypothèses proposées dans cette étude sont testées dans le cadre d’un modèle récursif à partir d’indicateurs synthétiques de l’intrant et de l’extrant d’innovation issus de l’analyse des correspondances multiples (ACM). Les estimations sont réalisées à partir des données d’un échantillon représentatif de 90 PMI de la région Basse-Normandie (France) provenant de l’enquête conduite en 2009-2010 dans le cadre du projet IDEIS. Les apports de ce travail résident principalement dans 1) la décomposition de l’influence globale de l’exportation sur les performances de l’entreprise en trois effets : un effet d’apprentissage, un effet d’« autosélection » et un effet direct sur la productivité, 2) l’explicitation de l’effet d’apprentissage, 3) la prise en compte simultanée de la persistance de l’exportation et de son intensité. Les estimations mettent en évidence un effet d’apprentissage par l’exportation de manière non biaisée contrairement aux travaux antérieurs.
Mots-clés :
- Exportation,
- Productivité,
- Innovation,
- Apprentissage,
- Autosélection
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the impact of exporting on productivity and innovation in SMEs. The primary aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of export on firm performance. The various assumptions made in this study are tested in a recursive model from synthetic indicators of innovation using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). We use data from a representative random sample formed by 90 SMEs of regional of Normandy (France), obtained from the survey conducted in the IDEIS project. The main contributions of this work consist in 1) the decomposition of the overall effect of the export on the firm performance into three effects : a learning effect, a self-selection effect and a specialization effect ; 2) the clarification of the learning-by-exporting effect concept, 3) the simultaneous consideration of both persistence and intensity of export. Estimates show a learning-by-exporting effect without bias contrary to previous works.
Keywords:
- Export,
- Productivity,
- Innovation,
- Learning-from-doing,
- Self-selection
Resumen
Este artículo presenta un análisis acerca del impacto de la exportación sobre la productividad y la innovación en las PyME. El objetivo es de evaluar el efecto de la exportación sobre la performancia de las empresas poniendo en evidencia el papel primordial del aprendizaje por intermedio de la exportación. Las diferentes hipótesis propuestas en este estudio son evaluadas a partir de un modelo recursivo. Los indicadores sintéticos « entrantes » y « salientes » de innovación provienen de un análisis de correspondencias múltiples. Utilizamos datos de una muestra representativa constituída de noventa empresas de la región de Normandía (Francia), proveniente de la encuesta conducida en el proyecto IDEIS. La principal contribución de este estudio consiste en : 1) la descomposición de la influencia global de la exportación sobre la performancia de la empresa en tres efectos : efecto de aprendizaje, efecto de auto-selección y efecto directo sobre la productividad, 2) la clarificación del efecto de aprendizaje, 3) la consideración simultánea de la persistencia de la exportación y de su intensidad. Las estimaciones ponen de relieve un efecto de aprendizaje por intermedio de la exportación de manera no oblicua contrariamente a los estudios anteriores.
Palabras clave:
- Exportación,
- Productividad,
- Innovación,
- Aprendizaje,
- Auto-selección
Appendices
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