Abstracts
Résumé
Malgré leur importance numérique et le rôle qui leur est dévolu dans le cadre de la stratégie de promotion du secteur privé en Tunisie, les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) ne répondent pas aux exigences des banques afin de satisfaire leur besoin de financement. L’estimation du tout premier modèle de déséquilibre appliquée à la Tunisie repose sur un panel de 1 275 PME observées entre 2001 et 2006. Il montre que la demande de crédit bancaire n’est pas déterminée par les facteurs « endogènes », tels le niveau d’activité et les ressources internes disponibles des entreprises, mais plutôt par des facteurs « exogènes », tels le coût de financement et les garanties exigées par les banques. Les exigences des banques, surtout en matière de garanties, expliquent en grande partie l’insuffisance des concours octroyés par rapport aux besoins exprimés et se traduisent par une proportion moyenne d’environ 80 % de ces entreprises qui sont - partiellement ou totalement - rationnées.
Mots-clés :
- PME,
- Rationnement de crédit,
- Modèle de déséquilibre,
- Données de panel,
- Tunisie
Abstract
Despite their numerical importance and the role they are assigned in the promotion of the private sector, Tunisian Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) fail to fulfill the requirements of banks in order to meet their financing needs. The estimation of the very first disequilibrium model applied to Tunisia is based on a panel data set of 1 275 Tunisian SMEs observed between 2001 and 2006. It shows that the demand for bank credit is not determined by « endogenous » factors such as the activity level and internal available resources of SMEs, but rather by « exogenous » factors such as the cost of financing and guarantees required by banks. The requirements of banks especially regarding real guarantees explain to a large extent the lack of bank lending as compared to the needs expressed, and results in an average share of 80 % - partially or totally - credit rationed SMEs.
Keywords:
- SMEs,
- Credit rationing,
- Disequilibrium model,
- Panel data,
- Tunisia
Resumen
A pesar de su importancia numérica y el papel que se les asigna en la promoción del sector privado, las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PyMEs) tunecinas no cumple con los requisitos de los bancos con el fin de satisfacer sus necesidades de financiación. La primera estimación del modelo de desequilibrio aplicada a Túnez se basa en un panel de datos de 1 275 PyME tunecinas observadas entre 2001 y 2006. Esto demuestra que la demanda de crédito bancario no está determinada por factores « endógenos », tales como el nivel de actividad interna y los recursos disponibles de las PyMEs, sino más bien por factores « exógenos », como el coste de la financiación y las garantías exigidas por los bancos. Los requisitos de los bancos, especialmente con respecto a las garantías reales explican en gran medida la falta de crédito bancario en comparación con las necesidades expresadas, y resulta en una cuota media del 80% PyMEs - parcial o totalmente - afectada por crédito racionado.
Palabras clave:
- PyMEs,
- Racionamiento del crédito,
- Modelo de desequilibrio,
- Datos de panel,
- Tunez
Appendices
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