Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article est basé sur une revue sélective d’études empiriques axées sur la problématique de la planification dans les PME. Les résultats d’études récentes ayant particulièrement essayé d’établir la relation entre les activités de planification et la performance dans les petites et moyennes entreprises sont présentés et discutés. Quelques études traitent de la planification en général ; certaines font la distinction appropriée entre les activités de planification stratégique et celles de nature opérationnelle. Les regroupements effectués ici tiennent compte de ces précisions qui favorisent une meilleure compréhension du phénomène dans les PME. Quelques conclusions synthétisent les résultats relatifs à l’utilité des diverses formes de planification dans les firmes de moins grande envergure. Les auteurs offrent également quelques suggestions dans le but de faire progresser ce domaine de recherche.
Abstract
This article is based on a selective review of empirical studies dealing with the issue of planning in small and medium-sized businesses. The results of recent studies that specifically tried to establish the relationship between planning activities and performance in small and mediumsized businesses are presented and discussed. A few studies deal with planning in general; others more appropriately distinguish between strategic planning and operational planning activities. The grouping presented here takes these specifications into account since they facilitate the comprehension of the phenomenon in small and medium-sized businesses. Afew conclusions summarize the results with respect to the usefulness of various forms of planning in smaller firms. The authors also provide a few suggestions in order to contribute to the progress of research in this field.
Resumen
Este articulo esta fundado sobre una revisión selectiva de estudios empíricos que tratan de la problemática de la planificación en las empresas pequeñas y medianas. También están presentados y discutidos los resultados de estudios recientes cuyo objetivo consistía en establecer la relación entre las actividades de planificación y el rendimiento en las empresas pequeñas y medianas. Algunos estudios tratan de la planificación en general; otros hacen la distinción apropiada entre la planificación estratégica y la de tipo operacional. En los agolpamientos hechos aqui, tomamos esas especificaciones en cuenta ya que favorecen una mejor comprensión del fenomeno en las empresas pequeñas y medianas. Algunas conclusiones sitetizan los resultados relacionados con la utilidad de varias formas de planificación en las empresas mas pequeñas. Los autores ofrecen también algunas sugerencias con el fin de hacer progresar las investigaciones en este ámbito.
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Ackelsberg, R. et Arlow, P., (1985), «Small business do plan and it pays off», Long Range Planning, vol. 18, n° 5, p. 61-67.
- Bracker, J.S., (1982), «Planning and financial performance among small entrepreneurial firms: an industry study», Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia State University.
- Bracker, J.S. et Pearson, J.N., (1985), «The impact of consultants on small firm strategic planning», Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 23, n° 3, p. 23-30.
- Bracker, J.S. et Pearson, J.N., (1986), «Planning and financial performance of small mature firms», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 7, n° 6, p. 503-522.
- Bracker, J.S., Keats, B.W. et Pearson, J.N., (1988), «Planning and financial performance among small firms in growth industry», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 9, n° 6, p. 591-603.
- Chakravarthy, B.S., (1987), «On tailoring a strategic planning System to its context: some empirical evidence», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 8, n° 6, p. 517-534.
- Chenhall, R.H. et Romano, C.A., (1989), «Formal planning and control presence and impact on the growth of small manufacturing firms», communication présentée au 34e congrès mondial du International Council for Small Business, Québec, juin.
- Chicha, J.K. et Julien, P.A., (1979), «La stratégie des PME et leur adaptation au changement», Rapport de recherche, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières (Québec).
- d'Amboise, G., (1989), La PME canadienne, situation et défis, Institut de Recherches Politiques, Presses de l'Université Laval, Québec.
- Dilts, J.C. et Prough, G.E., (1989), «Strategic options for environmental management: a comparative study of small vs large entreprises», Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 27, n° 3, p. 31-38.
- Gable, M. et Topol, M.T., (1987), «Planning practices of small scale retailers», American Journal of Small Business, vol. 12, n° 2, p. 12-32.
- Gasse, Y., (1979),«Management techniques and practices in small manufacturing firms», Comptes rendus de International Council for Small Business, Québec.
- Hartman, S. et Lundberg, D., (1989), «The role of planning in small vs large businesses: do managers report preferences for different tools?», Comptes rendus du 34e congrès mondial de International Council for Small Business, Québec, juin, p. 500-517.
- Julien, P.A. et Marchesnay, M., (1988), «La place de la petite entreprise dans les économies en mutation», dans La petite entreprise, principes d'économie et de gestion. Librairie Vuibert, Paris, p. 39-49.
- King, W.R., (1983), «Evaluating strategic planning system», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 4, n° 4, p. 263-277.
- Mayer, K. et Goldstein, S., (1961), «The first two years: problems of small firms growth and survival», Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C.
- Najjar, M., (1966), «Planning in small manufacturing firms», Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Ohio State University.
- Orpen, C, (1985), «The effects of long range planning on small business performance: A further examination», Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 23, n° 1, p. 17-23.
- Pearce, J.A., Freeman, E.B. et Robinson, R.B., (1987), «The tenuous link between formal strategic planning and financial performance», Academy of Management Review, vol. 12, n° 4, p. 658-675.
- Pearce, J.A., Robinson, R.B. et Robbins, D.K., (1987), «The impact of grand strategy and planning formality on financial performance», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 8, n° 1, p. 125-134.
- Ramanujam, V. et Venkatraman, N., (1987), «Planning and performance: anew look on an old question», Business Horizons,, vol. 30, n° 3, p. 19-25.
- Riggs, W.E. et Bracker, J.S., (1986), «Operations management and financial performance», American Journal of Small Business, vol. 10, n° 3, p. 17-23.
- Robinson, R.B., (1979), «Forecasting and small business: a study of the strategic planning process», Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 17, n° 3, p. 19-27.
- Robinson, R.B., (1980), «An empirical investigation of the impact of SBDC - Strategic planning consultation upon the effectiveness of small business in Georgia», Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Georgia.
- Robinson, R.B., ( 1982), «The importance of outsiders in small firm strategic planning», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 25, n° 1, p 80-93.
- Robinson, R.B., (1983), «The impact of formalized strategic planning on financial performance in small organizations», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 4, n° 3, p. 197-207.
- Robinson, R.B. et Pearce, J.A., (1984), «Research thrusts in small firm strategic planning», Academy of Management Review, vol. 9, n° 1, p. 128-137.
- Robinson, R.B., Pearce, J.A., Vozikis, G.S. et Mescon, T.S., (1984), «The relationship between stage of development and small firm planning and performance», Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 22, n° 2, p. 45-52.
- Robinson, R.B., Logan, J.E. et Salem, M.Y., (1986), «Strategic versus operational planning in small retail firms», American Journal of Small Business, vol. 10, n° 3, p. 7-16.
- Robinson, R.B., Salem, M.Y., Logan, J.E. et Pearce, J.N., (1986), «Planning activities related to independent retail firm performance», American Journal of Small Business, vol. 11, n°1,p. 19-26.
- Sexton T.M. et Dable, R.D., (1976), «Factors affecting long-range planning in the small business firm», Marquette Business Review, vol. 20, n° 4, p. 158-165.
- Sexton, D.L. et Van Auken, P., (1985), «A longitudinal study of small business strategic planning», Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 23, n° 1, p. 7-15.
- Shuman, J.C., (1975), «Corporate planning in small companies», Long Range Planning, vol. 8, n° 5, p. 81-90.
- Smith, N., ( 1967), The Entrepreneur and his Firm: The Relationship Between Type of Man and Type of Company, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
- Sova, P., (1989), «The business plan and planning in small business», Communication présentée au 34e congrès mondial du International Council for Small Business, Québec, juin.
- Steiner, G., (1979), Stratégie Planning, New York, The Free Press.
- Still, T.W., (1974), «An exploratory investigation of strategic planning behavior in small firms», Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Florida State University
- Trow, D.B., (1961), «Executive succession in small compagnies», Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 25, n° 1, p. 12-15.
- Wyant, R., (1977), «The business failure record», New York, Dun and Bradstreet.