Abstracts
Abstract
In this paper, Part 2 of a two-paper series, we extend our learning on land- and water-based pedagogies from Part 1 to outline broader debates about upholding resurgence in frontline practice with Indigenous children, youth, and families. This article shares key learning from an Indigenous land- and water-based institute held from 2019 to 2020 that was facilitated by knowledge keepers from local First Nations and coordinated by faculty mentors from the School of Child and Youth Care at the University of Victoria. The purpose of the one-year institute was to convene a circle of Indigenous graduate students and faculty to engage in land- and water-based learning and meaningful mentoring connections with Indigenous Old Ones, Elders, and knowledge keepers. Students participated in land- and water-based activities and ceremonies, learning circles, and writing workshops, and were invited to develop and share culturally grounded frameworks to inform their frontline practice with children, youth, families, and communities. Drawing on a storytelling approach to share our learning from this institute, we explore the praxis and challenges of resurgence in deeply damaging colonial contexts. Our individual and collective reflections on Indigenous land-based pedagogies focus on local knowledges, our own diverse perspectives and frontline work, and ethical land and community engagements as integral to resurgent Indigenous practice.
Keywords:
- Indigenous child and youth care,
- land-based,
- water-based,
- Indigenous practice,
- Indigenous children, youth, and families,
- resurgence,
- child, youth and family services,
- youth work,
- child and youth care,
- decolonizing child and youth care
Appendices
Bibliography
- Absolon, K. E. (2011). Kaandossiwin: How we come to know. Fernwood.
- Black, M. (1999). Out of the mist: Treasures of the Nuu-chah-nulth chiefs. Royal British Columbia Museum.
- Bell, N., & Brant, T. (2015). Culturally relevant Aboriginal education. Pearson.
- Claxton, N. X., & de France, C. R. (2018). With roots in the water: Revitalizing Straits Salish reef net fishing as education for well-being and sustainability. In L. T. Smith, E. Tuck, & K. W. Yang (Eds.), Indigenous and decolonizing studies in education: Mapping the long view (pp. 215–223). Routledge.
- Cormier, P., & Ray, L. (2018). A tale of two drums: Kinoo’amaadawaad Megwaa Doodamawaad—“They are learning with each other while they are doing.” In D. McGregor, J.-P. Restoule, & R. Johnston (Eds.), Indigenous research: Theories, practices, and relationships (pp. 112–125). Canadian Scholar.
- Corntassel, J., & Hardbarger, T. (2019). Educate to perpetuate: Land-based pedagogies and community resurgence. International Review of Education, 65(1), 87–116. doi:10.1007/s11159-018-9759-1
- de Finney, S., & di Tomasso, L. (2015). Creating places of belonging: Expanding notions of permanency with Indigenous youth in care. First Peoples Child & Family Review, 9(2). 63–85.
- de Finney, S., Palacios, L., Mucina, M. K., & Chadwick, A. (2018). Refusing band-aids: Un-settling “care” under the carceral settler state. CYC-Online: E-Journal of the International Child and Youth Care Network, 235, 28–38.
- de Leeuw, S. (2015). Skeena. Caitlin.
- Deloria, V., Jr. (1991). Foreword. In M. J. Caduto & J. Bruchac, Keepers of the animals: Native American stories and wildlife activities for children (pp. xi–xii). Fulcrum.
- Garroutte, E. M. (2005). Defining “radical indigenism” and creating an American Indian scholarship. In S. Pfohl, A. Van Wagenen, P. Arend, A. Brooks, & D. Leckenby (Eds.), Culture, power, and history: Studies in critical sociology (pp. 169–98). Brill Academic Publishers.
- Gaudry, A. (2011). Insurgent research. Wicazo Sa Review, 26(1), 113–136. doi:10.1353/wic.2011.0006
- Grande, S. (2000). American Indian identity and intellectualism: The quest for a new red pedagogy. Qualitative Studies in Education, 13(4), 343–359. doi:10.1080/095183900413296
- Hart, M. A. (2010). Indigenous worldviews, knowledge, and research: The development of an Indigenous research paradigm. Journal of Indigenous Voices in Social Work, 1(1), 1–16. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/15117/v1i1_04hart.pdf
- Hatala, A. R., Morton, D., Njeze, C., Bird-Naytowhow, K., & Pearl, T. (2019). Re-imagining miyo-wicehtowin: Human-nature relations, land-making, and wellness among Indigenous youth in a Canadian urban context. Social Science & Medicine, 230(1), 122–130. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.012
- McAdam, S. (2015). Nationhood interrupted: Revitalizing nehiyaw legal systems. Purich.
- McGuire, P. (2010). Exploring resilience and Indigenous ways of knowing. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health, 8(2), 117–131. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266473001_Exploring_Resilience_and_Indigenous_Ways_of_Knowing_1
- Meyer, M. A. (2008). Hawaiian epistemology and triangulation of meaning. In N. K. Denzin, Y. S. Lincoln, & L. T. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of critical and Indigenous methodologies (pp. 217–232). Sage.
- Middlemiss, A. (2018). Decolonizing education through outdoor learning: The learning story of an Indigenous kindergarten teacher (Master’s thesis, Brock University). http://dr.library.brocku.ca/bitstream/handle/10464/13489/Brock_Middlemiss_Alexandria_2018.pdf?sequence=1
- Mowatt, M., de Finney, S., Wright Cardinal, S., Mowatt, G., Tenning, J., Haiyupis, P., Gilpin, E., Harris, D., MacLeod, A., & Claxton, N. X. (2020). ȻENTOL TŦE TEṈEW̱ (together with the land): Part 1: Indigenous land- and water-based pedagogies. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 11(3), 12–33.
- Rorick, C. L. (2018). Wałyaʕasukʔi naananiqsakqin: At the home of our ancestors: Ancestral continuity in Indigenous land-based language immersion. In L. T. Smith, E. Tuck, & K. W. Yang (Eds.), Indigenous and decolonizing studies in education: Mapping the long view (pp. 224–237). Routledge.
- Simpson, L. B. (2014). Land as pedagogy: Nishnaabeg intelligence and rebellious transformation. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education, & Society, 3(3), 1–25. http://www.adivasiresurgence.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Leanne-Betasamosake-Simpson-Land-as-pedagogy.pdf
- Simpson, L. B. (2017). As we have always done: Indigenous freedom through radical resistance. University of Minnesota Press.
- Smith, L. T. (2012). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples. Zed.
- Smith, N. L., & Varghese, J. (2016). Role, impacts, and implications of dedicated Aboriginal student space at a Canadian university. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 53(4), 458–469. doi:10.1080/19496591.2016.1167065
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2016). Canada’s residential schools: Reconciliation: The final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (Vol. 6). McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Tuck, Eve., & Mc Kenzie, M. (2015). Place in research: Theory, methodology, and methods. Routledge.
- Wildcat, M., MacDonald, M., Irlbacher-Fox, S., & Coulthard, G. (2014) Learning from the land: Indigenous land-based pedagogy and decolonization. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education, & Society, 3(3), i–xv.
- Wright Cardinal, S. (2016). A framework for Indigenous adoptee reconnection: Reclaiming language and identity. Canadian Journal for New Scholars in Education, 7(1), 84–93. https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjnse/article/view/30693/pdf