Abstracts
Abstract
In 2014, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) senior administration established reforms to the Open Suite of Programs and Peer Review processes (OSP), implementing changes that it claimed would improve its funding and peer review structures. The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to investigate how CIHR reforms to the OSP were poised to negatively affect Indigenous health research. We found that the reforms were guided by a governmental and institutional trajectory of methodological conservatism that (a) privileged commercial research over projects that focus on social determinants of health and community relations, and (b) created a peer review system re-designed in ways that reduce inclusiveness. Interventions by the CIHR Institute of Indigenous Peoples Health' Advisory Board and an ad-hoc Indigenous Health Research Steering Committee (kahwa:tsire) were urgently organized and mobilized to reverse the CIHR decisions that were being made under the guise of so-called 'consultation.’
Keywords:
- Indigenous health,
- Indigenous health policy,
- Aboriginal health policy,
- Canadian health policy,
- colonialism and health policy
Download the article in PDF to read it.
Download
Appendices
Bibliography
- Atkinson, P., & Delamont, S. (2006). In the roiling smoke: Qualitative inquiry and contested fields. International Journal of Qualitative Studies, 19(6), 747–755. https://doi.org/1080/09518390600975974
- Ball, J., & Janyst, P. (2008). Enacting research ethics in partnerships with Indigenous communities in Canada: “Do it in a Good Way.” Journal of Empirical Research Ethics, 3(2), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1525/jer.2008.3.2.33
- Battiste, M., & Youngblood Henderson, J. (Sa’ke’j). (2000). Protecting Indigenous knowledge and heritage: A global challenge. Purich Publishing Ltd.
- Berg, B. (2001). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Allyn & Bacon.
- Bernstein, A. (2017). Personal and political histories in the designing of health reform policy in Bolivia. Social Science & Medicine, 177, 231–238. https://doi.org/1016/j.socscimed.2017.01.028
- Block, M. (2004). A discourse that disciplines, governs, and regulates: The National Research Council’s report on scientific research in education. Qualitative Inquiry, 10(1), 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800403259482
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2007). CIHR guidelines for health research involving Aboriginal people (2007–2010). http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/29134.html
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2009). Health research roadmap (HRR): Creating innovative research for better health and health care. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/40490.html
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2011). International review panel report: 2005–2010. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/documents/irp_2011_e.pdf
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2012a). Design discussion document: Proposed changes to CIHR’s open suite of programs and enhancements to the peer review process. https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/45229.html
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2012b). Designing for the future: The new open suite of programs and peer review process. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/46099.html
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2012c). What CIHR heard: Analysis and feedback on the design discussion document. https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/45626.html
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2014). Institutes modernization: Questions and answers. https://web.archive.org/web/20170613110106/http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/47677.html
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2015). Health research roadmap II (HRR II): Capturing innovation to produce better health and health care for Canadians. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/documents/CIHR-strat-plan-eng.pdf
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2017). Progress update – action plan: Building a healthier future for First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/50403.html
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2018a). CIHR in numbers, 2016–17. http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/50218.html
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2018b). Pathways to Health Equity for Aboriginal Peoples. https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/43630.html
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). (2022). Science council. https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/33807.html
- Castellano, M. B., & Reading, J. (2010). Policy writing as dialogue: Drafting an Aboriginal chapter for Canada’s Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical conduct for research involving humans. International Indigenous Policy Journal, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2010.1.2.1
- Castleden, H., Darrach, M., & Lin, J. (2022). Public health moves to innocence and evasion? Graduate training programs’ engagement in truth and reconciliation for Indigenous health. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 113(2), 211-221.
- Castleden, H., Martin, D., & Lewis, D. (2016). From embedded in place to marginalized out and back again. In M. D. Giesbrecht & V. A. Crooks (Eds.), Place, health, and diversity: Learning from the Canadian experience (pp. 29–53). Routledge.
- Castleden, H., Sloan Morgan, V., & Lamb, C. (2012). “I spent the first year drinking tea”: Exploring Canadian university researchers’ perspectives on community-based participatory research involving Indigenous Peoples. The Canadian Geographer/Le Geographé Canadien, 56(2), 160–179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2012.00432.x
- Castleden, H., Sylvester, P., Martin, D., & McNally, M. (2015). “I don’t think that any peer review committee . . . would ever ‘get’ what I currently do”: How institutional metrics for success and merit risk perpetuating the (re)production of colonial relationships in community-based participatory research involving Indigenous Peoples in Canada. International Indigenous Policy Journal, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2015.6.4.2
- Churchill, W. (2004). Kill the Indian, save the man: The genocidal impact of American Indian residential schools. City Light Books.
- Cope, M. (2016). Organizing and analyzing qualitative data. In I. Hay (Ed.), Qualitative research methods in human geography (4th ed., pp. 373–393). Oxford University Press.
- Daschuk, J. W. (2013). Clearing the plains: Disease, politics of starvation, and the loss of Aboriginal life. University of Regina Press.
- Denzin, N. K. (2009). The elephant in the living room: Or extending the conversation about the politics of evidence. Qualitative Research, 9(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794108098034
- Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (4th ed., pp. 1–20). SAGE Publications.
- Eggertson, L. (2015). CIHR excludes Aboriginal health in review. CMAJ, 187(2), 97–98. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/187/2/97
- Eggertson, L. (2016). CIHR spurns Aboriginal researchers’ call for reconciliation. CMAJ, 188(5), E75–E76. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-5232
- Feagin, J., & Bennefield, Z. (2014). Systemic racism and U.S. health care. Social Science & Medicine, 103, 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.006
- Godlewska, A., Moore, J., & Bednasek, C. D. (2010). Cultivating ignorance of Aboriginal realities. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 54(4), 417–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2009.00297.x
- Government of Canada. (2007). Mobilizing science and technology to Canada’s advantage: Executive summary. Industry Canada. https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/plans-reports/en/science-and-technology-strategy/mobilizing-science-and-technology-canadas-advantage
- Hammersley, M. (2001). Some questions about evidence-based practice in education. Annual Conference of the British Educational Research Association. The Open University. https://web.archive.org/web/20191029131813/http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00001819.htm
- Henderson, J. (2011). Expert review team report for Institute of Aboriginal Peoples’ Health. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/43581.html
- Institute of Indigenous Peoples’ Health (IIPH). (2022). Institute of Indigenous Peoples’ health. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/8668.html
- Janes, C. R. (1999). The health transition, global modernity and the crisis of traditional medicine: The Tibetan case. Social Science & Medicine, 48, 1803–1820. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00082-9
- kahwa:tsire. (2015). Our response. https://kahwatsire.wordpress.com/our-response/
- Kelaher, M., Sabanovic, H., La Brooy, C., Lock, M., Lusher, D., & Brown, L. (2014). Does more equitable governance lead to more equitable health care? A case study based on the implementation of health reform in Aboriginal Health Australia. Social Science & Medicine, 123, 278–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.032
- Kondro, W. (2009). Correcting the CIHR course. CMAJ, 181(10), E223–E224. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-3064
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Cannella, G. S. (2004). Dangerous discourses: Methodological conservatism and government regimes of truth. Qualitative Inquiry, 10(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800403259717
- Maupin, J. N. (2009). “Fruits of the accords”: Healthcare reform and civil participation in Highland Guatemala. Social Science & Medicine, 68, 1456–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.045
- McCormick, R., & Wien, F. (2014). Kahwa:tsire: A response to the emerging crisis between CIHR and the Aboriginal health research community. The CIHR Aboriginal Health Research Steering Committee. https://kahwatsire.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/kahwatsire-a-response-to-the-emerging-crisis-between-cihr-and-the-aboriginal-health-research-community1.pdf
- Miller, J.R. (Ed.) (1991). Sweet promises: A reader on Indian-White Relations. University of Toronto Press.
- Milloy, J. (1999). A national crime: The Canadian government and the residential school system, 1879 to 1986. University of Manitoba Press.
- Moore, C., Castleden, H., Tirone, S., & Martin, D. (2017). Implementing the Tri-Council policy on ethical research involving Indigenous Peoples in Canada: So, how’s that going in Mi’kma’ke? International Indigenous Policy Journal, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2017.8.2.4
- National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (NCTR) (2022). University of Manitoba. https://nctr.ca/map.php
- Network Environments for Aboriginal Health Research (NEAHR). (2011). Network Environments for Aboriginal Health Research (NEAHR). Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/27071.html
- Panel on Research Ethics. (2018). Tri-council policy statement: Ethical conduct for research involving humans – TCPS 2 (2018). Government of Canada. https://ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique_tcps2-eptc2_2018.html
- Prussing, E., & Newbury, E. (2016). Neoliberalism and Indigenous Knowledge: Māori health research and the cultural politics of New Zealand’s “national science challenges.” Social Science & Medicine, 150, 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.12.012
- Reading, C., & Wien, F. (2009). Health inequalities and social determinants of Aboriginal Peoples’ health. National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health. https://www.ccnsa-nccah.ca/docs/determinants/RPT-HealthInequalities-Reading-Wien-EN.pdf
- Richmond, C., Martin, D., Dean, L., Castleden, H., & Marsden, H. (2013). Transformative networks: How ACADRE/NEAHR support for graduate students has impacted Aboriginal health research in Canada. University of Victoria. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca/bitstream/handle/1828/5419/TransformativeNetworks2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP). (1996). Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, Volume 3 – Gathering Strength. Government of Canada. https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/aboriginal-heritage/royal-commission-aboriginal-peoples/Pages/final-report.aspx
- Swarts, J. (2013). Constructing neoliberalism: Economic transformation in Anglo-American democracies. University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442665781
- Tobias, J. L. (1991). Protection, civilization, assimilation: An outline history of Canada’s Indian policy. In J. R. Miller (Ed.), Sweet promises: A reader on Indian-White Relations (pp. 127–144). University of Toronto Press.
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC). (2015). Calls to action. Reprinted in aboriginal policy studies, 5(1), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.5663/aps.v5i1.25647
- Waitt, G. (2016). Doing Foucauldian discourse analysis—Revealing social identities. In I. Hay (Ed.), Qualitative research methods in human geography (4th ed., pp. 288–312). Oxford University Press.
- Webster, P. C. (2015). CIHR “dismantling” Aboriginal health research. CMAJ, 187(10), E313. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-5059
- White, I., & Castleden, H. (2022). Time as an instrument of settler evasion: Circumventing the implementation of truth and reconciliation in Canadian geography departments. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12793