Abstracts
Abstract
Few studies in arctic Canada have combined research on both the physical marine environment and benthic invertebrates. This is the first detailed study of the oceanographic conditions and distribution of sediments and biota in the intertidal and subtidal zones of Igloolik Island, Nunavut. Oceanographic measurements (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity), and sediment and biological sampling were undertaken over two summers (1999, 2002). Intertidal zones are underlain by bedrock with a thin veneer of gravel with a very poorly sorted fine matrix and devoid of benthic invertebrates, due to harsh environmental conditions. Ninety-six benthic invertebrates species were identified in the subtidal zone of Turton Bay, a shallow embayment of Igloolik Island that opens to the south into Hooper Inlet. Oceanographic conditions were similar throughout Turton Bay. The shallow depth of Turton Bay (<25 m) and open fetch to the south means that the bay water is well mixed throughout during the ice-free period. Variations in species, abundances and densities result from local conditions and substrate characteristics. Subtidal areas with unconsolidated substrates have abundant and diversified benthic fauna, whereas those with consolidated substrates have more limited species dominated by epifauna. The greatest abundances and densities occur at the deepest sites with the finest sediments and deposit-feeding species. The shallow subtidal zone (<5 m) is characterized by a thin sandy surface veneer overlying bedrock. It is an extension of the intertidal zone and is much affected by ice action during break-up with reduced numbers of marine fauna. High densities of opportunistic and pollution tolerant species along transects in Turton Bay are explained by the outflow and seepage from the sewage lagoon and dumpsites proximal to these transects.
Résumé
Sédiments et invertébrés de la zone marine côtière de l’île d’Igloolik, Nunavut. Peu d’études menées dans l’arctique canadien combinent les données sur l’environnement physique marin et les invertébrés. Ceci est la première étude détaillée portant sur les conditions océanographiques et la distribution des sédiments et des invertébrés dans les zones intertidales et subtidales de l’île d’Igloolik, Nunavut. Les mesures océanographiques (température, salinité, oxygène dissous, turbidité) et l’échantillonnage des sédiments et des invertébrés ont été menées durant les étés de 1999 et 2002. Les zones intertidales reposent sur de la roche en place avec un mince placage de graviers faiblement triés, exempts d’invertébrés à cause des conditions environnementales rigoureuses. Quatre-vingt-seize espèces d’invertébrés marins ont été identifiées dans la zone sub-tidale de Turton Bay, une baie peu profonde qui se déverse au sud dans Hooper Inlet. La faible profondeur de la baie (<25 m) et son ouverture vers le sud signifie que l’eau est bien mélangée sur toute sa profondeur, pendant la période sans glace. Les variations d’espèces, d’abondance et de densité sont le résultat des conditions locales et de la nature du substrat. Les zones subtidales avec un substrat non consolidé possèdent une faune abondante et diversifiée tandis que celles au substrat consolidé présentent une variété d’espèces plus limitée. L’abondance et la diversité maximales des espèces se trouvent aux sites les plus profonds composés de sédiments fins, dominés par des espèces se nourrissant de dépôts. La zone subtidale peu profonde (<5 m) est caractérisée par un mince placage de sable sur la roche en place. Elle constitue une extension de la zone intertidale et elle est très affectée par l’action des glaces, d’où la faune marine réduite. La forte densité des espèces opportunistes et tolérantes à la pollution le long des transects de Turton Bay s’explique par les fuites du lagon de vidange et des dépotoirs situés à proximité.
Appendices
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