Abstracts
Abstract
Horseshoe Lake and the Marion Lake scar, along the Red River, southern Manitoba, were cored to investigate the timing of the meander cutoffs and the sedimentology of the channel in-fill deposits. The Horseshoe Lake core, 10.75 m long, consists of 9.73 m of silt-rich deposits inferred to be lacustrine from 0 to 4 m deep, transitional from 4 to 5 m deep and alluvial below 5 m deep. Four wood and charcoal specimens sampled from the core yielded radiocarbon ages of 310 ± 40, 1730 ± 50, 2040 ± 50 and 2240 ± 50 BP. The Marion Lake core, 16.77 m long, consists of 14.73 m of silt-rich deposits inferred to be lacustrine from 0 to 5 m deep and alluvial below 8.5 m deep; the transition is indistinct and falls between 5 to 8.5 m deep. Four wood samples from the fluvial deposits yielded radiocarbon ages of 1600 ± 40, 1700 ± 40, 1660 ± 40 and 1620 ± 40 BP. The cutoffs that led to the formation of Horseshoe and Marion lakes are interpreted to have occurred at ~1990 and ~1520 cal BP or shortly thereafter, respectively. The silt-rich, alluvial-lacustrine deposits in the lakes lack structural and textural characteristics that can be readily recognized in core to distinguish the depositional environments. The absence of coarse sediments at the base of the fluvial units at both sites implies that minor to negligible amounts of sand were transported along the thalwegs of the channels prior to the meanders being cutoff. The dominance of silt within the oxbow deposits reflects sediment supply as the geomorphic setting of the river is within an extensive glaciolacustrine clay plain.
Résumé
Le lac Horseshoe et l'ancien lac Marion ont fait l'objet de carottages dans le but d'établir le moment du recoupement de leur méandre et la sédimentologie des dépôts accumulés dans leur chenal. La carotte du lac Horseshoe (10,75 m) est constituée de 9,73 m de dépôts riches en limon, probablement lacustres entre 0 et 4 m de profondeur, de transition entre 4 et 5 m et alluviaux sous les 5 m. Quatre échantillons de bois et de charbon ont donné des âges au radiocarbone de 310 ± 40, 1730 ± 50, 2040 ± 50 et 2240 ± 50 BP. La carotte du lac Marion (16,77 m) est constituée de 14,73 m de dépôts riches en limon, apparemment lacustres entre 0 et 5 m et alluviaux sous les 8,5 m ; la transition, mal définie, se situe entre 5 et 8,5 m de profondeur. Quatre échantillons de bois provenant des dépôts fluviatiles ont donné des âges au radiocarbone de 1600 ± 40, 1700 ± 40, 1660 ± 40 et 1620 ± 40 BP. On estime que les recoupements qui ont donné naissance aux deux lacs se sont produits il y a environ 1990 (Horseshoe) et 1520 cal. BP (Marion), ou peu après. Les dépôts alluvio-lacustres riches en limon des lacs ne comportent pas de structures et de textures assez nettes pour permettre d’identifier leur milieux de sédimentation. L'absence, dans les deux cas, de sédiments grossiers à la base de l'unité fluviatile laisse supposer que des quantités minimes, voire négligeables, de sable ont été transportées le long des thalwegs avant que les recoupements ne surviennent. La prédominance du limon dans les dépôts des lacs en croissant reflète la provenance des sédiments, le cadre géomorphologique de la rivière étant celui d’une vaste plaine d'argile glaciolacustre.
Resumen
Los sedimentos de los lagos Horseshoe y Marion situados a lo largo del río Red al sur de Manitoba fueron estudiados para establecer la fecha de formación de meandros y la sedimentología de los depósitos de los canales. El núcleo testigo de sondeo proveniente del lago Horseshoe, de 10,75 m de largo, está compuestos de depósitos ricos en limo de hasta 9,73 m. Dichos depósitos son considerados como de origen lacustre en una región de 0 a 4 m de profundidad, de tipo de transición entre 4 y 5 m de profundidad y de origen aluvial por debajo de 5 m de profundidad. Cuatro especímenes de madera y de carbón obtenidos de dicho núcleo testigo fueron datados con radiocarbono proporcionando un edad cercana a los 310 ± 40, 1730 ± 50, 2040 ± 50 y 2240 ± 50 años BP. El núcleo testigo de sondeo de 16,77 m de largo proveniente del lago Marion, esta compuesto de una zona que abarca 14.73 m de depósitos arcillosos de origen lacustre entre 0-5 m de profundidad y de origen aluvial por debajo de los 8.5 m de profundidad; la zona de transición se sitúa entre 5 y 8.5 m de profundidad pero no se encuentra bien definida. La datación con radiocarbono de cuatro muestras de depósitos fluviales proporciono una edad que las sitúa hace unos 1600 ± 40, 1660 ± 40 y 1620 ± 40 años BP. Se cree que el corte de terreno que dio origen a la formación de los lagos Horseshoe y Marion ocurrió hace unos 19 900 a 15 200 años o poco tiempo después, respectivamente. Los depósitos ricos en limo de origen lacustre-aluvial de los lagos carecen de las características estructurales y de textura que pueden ser reconocidos fácilmente en el núcleo testigo para distinguir los ambientes de depósito. La ausencia de sedimentos de tipo grueso en la base de la unidad fluvial en ambos sitios indica que un aporte pequeño o insignificante de arena fue transportado a lo largo de la vaguada de los canales antes de que ocurriera la formación de los meandros. La predominancia de limos entre los depósitos del brazo muerto refleja el origen de los sedimentos y concuerda con el cuadro geomorfológico de un rió situado dentro de una planicie arcillosa glaciolacustre muy extensa.
Appendices
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