Abstracts
Abstract
Previous research on the Cypress Hills of southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan suggests that they have experienced a dynamic history of Holocene landscape change. In particular, the meltwater channels flanking the Cypress Hills appear to have experienced intermittent deposition of sediment transported from upslope alternating with episodes of landscape stability and soil formation. This pattern favours the formation of archeological sites containing multiple stratigraphically discrete occupations, an important characteristic because the geomorphic processes necessary to create such interpretively valuable sites are rare across much of the Northern Plains. Furthermore, the rich resources offered by the Cypress Hills suggest that they were attractive to past human groups, a feature that enhances the prospects for such sites. This paper discusses a study designed to investigate the geomorphic history of the meltwater channels and to identify buried archeological sites in these channels. The preliminary results of this study confirm that the channels have experienced a cyclical pattern of stability and deposition favourable to the stratified burial of cultural remains. Moreover, this study has recovered archeological material from numerous locations, strongly suggesting that the meltwater channels represent an excellent environment for the formation of high-quality sites with multiple discrete cultural layers.
Résumé
Les recherches antérieures dans les Cypress Hills, au sud-est de l’Alberta et au sud-ouest de la Saskatchewan, démontrent que le paysage a subi des changements importants au cours de l’Holocène. C’est particulièrement le cas dans les chenaux d’eau de fonte flanquant les Cypress Hills qui semblent avoir subi des épisodes de mise en place de sédiments en provenance des versants des collines, en alternance avec des épisodes de stabilité et de formation du sol. Ce contexte a rendu possible la conservation de sites archéologiques comportant de multiples couches stratigraphiquement définies, un phénomène important car les processus géomorphologiques pouvant engendrer de tels phénomènes sont rares dans les Grandes Plaines du Nord. D’abondantes ressources naturelles auraient attiré de nombreux groupes humains préhistoriques dans les Cypress Hills, favorisant ainsi l’existence de tels sites. Cet article présente une méthode élaborée en vue de comprendre l’évolution morphologique des chenaux d’eau de fonte et d’identifier les sites archéologiques ensevelis sous les chenaux. Les résultats préliminaires confirment que les chenaux ont connu, en alternance, des périodes de stabilité et de sédimentation favorisant l’enfouissement stratifié des sites culturels. De plus, le matériel archéologique mis au jour en de nombreux endroits démontre que les chenaux d’eau de fonte représentent un milieu propice à la conservation de sites archéologiques de grande qualité, comprenant de nombreuses couches culturelles bien définies.
Resumen
Estudios previos realizados en la zona de Cypress Hills al sudeste de Alberta y sudoeste de Saskatchewan sugieren que durante el Holoceno hubo cambios dinámicos frecuentes en el paisaje. En particular los canales del agua de fusión que flanquean Cypress Hills parecen haber experimentado un depósito intermitente de sedimentos provenientes de la región cuesta arriba alternados con periodos de estabilidad del paisaje y formación de suelos. Este patrón favorece la formación de sitios arqueológicos que contienen múltiples niveles estratigráficos discretos, una característica importante ya que los procesos geomorfológicos necesarios para crear sitios con tal valor interpretativo son raros en toda el área de las planicies norteamericanas. Además la riqueza de recursos que ofrece Cypress Hills sugiere que estos fueron un sitio de interés para grupos humanos en el pasado, característica que resalta también el potencial de dichos sitios. El presente manuscrito presenta un método diseñando para investigar la historia geomorfológica de los canales de agua de fusión e identificar los sitios arqueológicos sepultados en dichos canales. Los resultados preliminares del estudio confirman que los canales han experimentado patrones cíclicos de estabilidad y sedimentación favorables para la formación de estratos que incluyen sitios de relevancia cultural. Cabe agregar que durante el estudio se ha recolectado material arqueológico proveniente de numerosos sitios, ello sugiere que los canales de agua de fusión representan un excelente ambiente propicio a la formación de sitios de alta calidad que permiten la formación de numerosos estratos culturales bien definidos.
Appendices
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