Abstracts
Abstract
The Humber River in western Newfoundland flows through a large interior basin, that influenced Late Wisconsinan ice flow from major dispersal centres to the north, in the Long Range Mountains, and to the east in The Topsails. An early southward ice flow from a source to the north covered coastal areas in the western part of the basin. Subsequent regional ice flow was southwestward to northwestward from The Topsails, while south to southwestward flowing ice from the Long Range Mountains occupied the upper Humber River valley. This flow was confluent with ice from The Topsails and moved northwestward toward Bonne Bay. Regional deglaciation began about 13 ka from the inner coast. Ice occupying the Deer Lake valley dammed glacial Lake Howley in the adjacent Grand Lake and Sandy Lake basins to an elevation up to 85 m above present lake levels, which were controlled by drainage through a western outlet feeding into St. George’s Bay. The lake was lowered by exposure of the South Brook valley outlet, and finally drained catastrophically through a spillway at Junction Brook. Marine limit at the coast was 60 m asl. Inland deltas at the head of Deer Lake and fine-grained sediment exposed in the Deer Lake valley show inundation below 45 m present elevation. This produced a narrow embayment extending at least 50 km inland from the modern coast and is named here as ‘Jukes Arm’. Dated marine macrofossils in the Humber Arm and lower Humber River valley, indicate the deltas at the head of Deer Lake formed about 12.5 ka.
Résumé
Dans l’ouest de Terre-Neuve, le fleuve Humber draine un vaste bassin qui a influencé la direction des flux glaciaires, au Wisconsinien supérieur, à partir des principaux centres de dispersion situés au nord et à l’est. Dans l’ouest du bassin, les régions côtières ont d’abord été occupées par des glaces en provenance des monts Long Range, au nord. Par la suite, le flux glaciaire régional en provenance des Topsails, à l’est, s’est dirigé du sud-ouest vers le nord-ouest, tandis que la glace provenant des monts Long Range s’est écoulée vers le sud et le sud-ouest, occupant le secteur amont de la vallée du Humber. Les flux alors raccordés se sont par la suite orientés vers le nord-est, vers Bonne Bay. La déglaciation régionale a commencé il y a 13 000 ans environ, sur la côte. La glace, qui bloquait la vallée du Deer Lake, a créé le Lac glaciaire Howley, dans les bassins actuels des lacs Grand et Sandy, qui a atteint l’altitude de 85 m. À l’ouest, un exutoire assurait le drainage du lac vers St. George’s Bay. Dans la vallée du South Brook, le dégagement d’un exutoire a entraîné l’abaissement du niveau lacustre ; le drainage catastrophique du lac a été provoqué par la rupture d’un seuil au droit de Junction Brook. La limite marine a atteint 60 m sur la côte. Des deltas à la tête du Deer Lake et des sédiments fins dans la vallée témoignent d’une submersion ayant atteint 45 m, ce qui a engendré un bras de mer, appelé Jukes Arm, s’étendant sur plus de 50 km à l’intérieur des terres. Ces deltas se sont formés il y a 12 500 ans, d’après la datation d’organismes marins.
Resumen
El río Humber situado al oeste de Terranova irriga una gran cuenca interior de gran afluencia durante el Winconsiniano tardío. En esta área convergieron el flujo glacial proveniente de las montañas Longe Range al norte y de Topsails al este. Al oeste de la cuenca, la región costera fue inicialmente recubierta por el flujo de hielos provenientes del norte luego por el flujo glacial regional proveniente de Topsails. El flujo de Topsails se dirigió del sudoeste al noroeste, mientras que los hielos provenientes de Long Range se dirigieron hacia el sur y sudoeste ocupando así la parte superior del valle del río Humber. Posteriormente, su confluencia se orientó en dirección noreste hacia Bonne Bay. El deshielo regional se inicio hace aproximadamente 13 000 años en la región costera. Los hielos que ocupaban el valle del lago Deer formaron el lago glacial de Howley en la cuenca adyacente de los lagos Grand y Sandy a una altitud de 85 m sobre el nivel actual, siendo controlado por un afluente secundario que lo drenaba hacia la bahía St. Georges. El nivel del lago disminuyó al ser drenado hacia el valle South Brook y finalmente por un evento catastrófico que provocó la ruptura de un vertedero en Junction Brook. El limite marino en la costa fue de 60 m nmm. Los deltas situados a la cabeza del lago Deer y los sedimentos finos expuestos en el valle dan testimonio de la sumersión de hasta 45 m con respecto a la elevación actual. Ello provocó la formacion de un brazo de mar llamado Jukes Arm que se extendió 50 km. al interior de la costa. La datación de macro fósiles marinos provenientes del la rama del río Hamber y del valle sitúan la formación de dichos deltas hace aproximadamente 12 500 años.
Appendices
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