Abstracts
Abstract
Rural communities in Canada have faced a long history of capital and labour flight, resource extraction, and political marginalization. At the same time, despite decades of efforts toward rural development and economic/social diversification, there is little evidence of change or improved resilience in rural Canada. This article seeks to examine this lack of change against the backdrop of that developmental history, and the underlying logics that have informed rural policy-making. Focusing on Alberta, this paper argues that rural communities face a third phase of developmental approaches embedded within a neoliberal governmentality, one that emphasizes equality of opportunity, competition, capacity-building, and collaboration. This approach is simultaneously situated within a broader neoliberal objective of defining both citizens and rural communities as economic actors. In turn, this article examines the scope, scale, and role of energy and agricultural investments as a demonstration of how neoliberal governmentality structures not only how rural development is framed, but constructs economic agency for rural communities as “the only game in town” for the very populations that bear the costs. As a result, the historical failure of rural development is unlikely to change, yet, rather than be understood as problematic, will increasingly be seen as a failure on the part of rural communities themselves.
Keywords:
- rural,
- governmentality,
- Alberta,
- neoliberalism,
- Foucault,
- development
Résumé
Les collectivités rurales du Canada connaissent depuis longtemps la fuite des capitaux et de la main-d’oeuvre, l’extraction des ressources et la marginalisation politique. En même temps, malgré des décennies d’efforts de développement rural et de diversification économique et sociale, il y a peu de signes de changement ou d’amélioration de la résilience dans le Canada rural. Le présent article cherche à examiner cette absence de changement à la lumière de cette histoire du développement et des logiques sous-jacentes qui ont guidé l’élaboration des politiques rurales. En se concentrant sur l’Alberta, cet article soutient que les collectivités rurales font face à une troisième phase d’approches de développement ancrées dans une gouvernance néolibérale, qui met l’accent sur l’égalité des chances, la concurrence, le renforcement des capacités et la collaboration. En même temps, cette approche s’inscrit dans un objectif néolibéral plus large qui consiste à définir les citoyens et les communautés rurales comme des acteurs économiques. Cet article examine à son tour la portée, l’ampleur et le rôle des investissements dans les secteurs de l’énergie et de l’agriculture afin de montrer comment la gouvernance néolibérale structure non seulement le développement rural, mais fait de l’autonomie économique des communautés rurales « la seule option possible », y compris pour les populations qui en subissent le coût. Par conséquent, il est peu probable que l’échec historique du développement rural change, mais plutôt que d’être considéré comme problématique, il sera de plus en plus perçu comme un échec par les communautés rurales elles-mêmes.
Mots-clés :
- rural,
- gouvernementalité néolibérale,
- Alberta,
- Foucault,
- développement
Appendices
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