Abstracts
Abstract
In 1990, Roemer came up with a very influential health system typology. From his vast study, emerged three types of health care systems: nationalized, mandated and entrepreneurial. Health care systems are not static; slow changes and reforms somewhat alter values and goals on which those systems were initially established. It is fair to say, then, that over the last two decades, health care reformers have adopted a market-oriented governance model that blends new public management (NPM) and managed competition reforms in the provision of health care services to transform supply- and demand-side actors into “responsibilized” customers, payers or providers. These transformations beg the question as to whether we are witnessing a radical redefinition of health care systems through the implementation of market-oriented governance. We propose to add the evolution of market-oriented health reforms in five case studies to Milton Roemer’s typology of health systems. In light of our findings, we will wrap up the analysis with an assessment of the usefulness of Roemer’s classification for social scientists to grasp the evolution of health systems over the past 20 years, and more importantly, to analyze the current state of these health care systems after years of market-oriented reforms.
Résumé
En 1990 Milton J. Roemer a proposé une typologie des systèmes de santé qui eut une influence importante. Cette grille d’analyse propose d’étudier les systèmes de santé à partir de trois grands modèles : les systèmes nationalisés, mandatés et entrepreneuriaux. Ceux-ci sont toutefois en constante évolution. Des changements incrémentaux ainsi que des réformes plus importantes influencent les valeurs et les objectifs qui les avaient inspirés lors de leur mise en oeuvre. Ainsi, depuis deux décennies on peut affirmer que les systèmes de santé ont emprunté les valeurs associées à la nouvelle gestion publique ainsi qu’à la gouvernance de marché dans le but de responsabiliser les consommateurs et les producteurs de soins. Ces transformations importantes posent la question de la redéfinition des systèmes de santé. Autrement-dit, sommes-nous témoins de changements radicaux des soins de santé nationaux qui nécessitent une nouvelle grille d’analyse ? Cet article propose une analyse des dernières réformes des systèmes de santé de cinq pays à la lumière de la typologie de Roemer tout en prenant en compte les éléments liés à l’implantation de la nouvelle gestion publique et de la gouvernance de marché qui ont influencé leur évolution. Dans le cadre de cette analyse nous tenterons d’évaluer la pertinence de la typologie de Roemer pour analyser les systèmes de santé actuels et, de façon plus importante, nous analyserons les systèmes après plusieurs années d’imposition de réformes orientées vers le marché.
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