Abstracts
Abstract
Climate change is the biggest challenge facing humanity today, and discussions of its effects—from habitat loss to psychological impacts—can be found in most academic disciplines. Among the many casualties of contemporary climatic change is the archaeological heritage of Arctic and subarctic regions, as warming, erratic weather patterns, coastal erosion, and melting permafrost threaten the anthropogenic and ecological records found in northern environments. Archaeology is uniquely positioned to provide long-term perspectives on human responses to climatic shifts, and to inform on the current debate. In addition, the practice of archaeological research and assimilation of archaeological heritage into contemporary society can also address or even mitigate some of the sociocultural impacts of climate change. Focusing on the Yup’ik communities and critically endangered archaeology of the Yukon–Kuskokwim (Y–K) Delta, Alaska, here we argue community archaeology can provide new contexts for encountering and documenting the past, and through this, reinforce cultural engagement and shared cultural resilience. We emphasize the benefits of archaeological heritage and the practice of archaeology in mitigating some of the social and psychological impacts of global climate change for communities as well as individuals. We also propose that archaeology can have a role in reducing psychological distance of climate change, an acknowledged barrier that limits climate change action, mitigation, and adaptation, particularly in regions where the impacts of contemporary climate change have not yet been immediately felt.
Keywords:
- Arctic,
- environmental archaeology,
- community archaeology,
- cultural heritage management,
- resilience,
- Yup’ik,
- Alaska
Résumé
Le changement climatique est le plus grand défi auquel est aujourd’hui confrontée l’humanité, et ses effets – de la perte d’habitat aux impacts psychologiques – sont discutés dans la plupart des disciplines académiques. Le patrimoine archéologique des régions arctiques et subarctiques se trouve parmi les nombreuses victimes du changement climatique : le réchauffement global, les conditions météorologiques erratiques, l’érosion côtière et la fonte du pergélisol menacent, en effet, les archives anthropiques et écologiques que l’on trouve dans les environnements nordiques. Dans ce contexte, l’archéologie est particulièrement à même de fournir des perspectives à long terme sur les réponses anthropiques aux changements climatiques, et ainsi éclairer le débat actuel. De plus, les recherches archéologiques et l’intégration du patrimoine archéologique au sein de la société contemporaine peuvent permettre de répondre ou même d’atténuer certains enjeux socioculturels liés au changement climatique. En se focalisant sur les communautés yup’ik et le patrimoine archéologique hautement menacé du delta Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) en Alaska, nous soutenons ici que l’archéologie communautaire peut fournir de nouveaux contextes à la découverte et à la documentation du passé et, par conséquent, à renforcer l’engagement et la résilience culturelle. Nous soulignons les bienfaits que représentent le patrimoine archéologique et la pratique de l’archéologie afin de minimiser certains impacts sociaux et psychologiques du changement climatique mondial, autant pour les communautés que pour les individus. Nous suggérons également que l’archéologie joue un rôle dans la réduction de la distance psychologique liée au changement climatique, un obstacle reconnu comme limitant l’action et l’adaptation des individus et donc atténuant le changement climatique, en particulier dans les régions où ses effets ne se sont pas fait ressentir immédiatement.
Mots-clés:
- Arctique,
- archéologie environnementale,
- archéologie communautaire,
- gestion de patromoine culturel,
- résilience,
- Yup’ik
Appendices
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