WRIGHT, Shelley, 2014 Our Ice is Vanishing / Sikuvut Nunguliqtuq: A History of Inuit, Newcomers, and Climate Change, Montreal and Kingston, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 420 pages

Beautifully written in a lively, conversational tone, Our Ice is Vanishing combines history, human geography, and environmental science into one ambitious book. Shelley Wright argues that Inuit are witnesses to the melting sea ice and are sharing an important message about the global consequences of climate change. Wright’s book is a warning to Qallunaat (non-Inuit) that they need to stop and listen to Inuit—particularly elders with their highly specialized local knowledges of the Arctic—before it is too late. Though not explicitly laid out in this way, the book has three major sections. The first section is characterized by journeys, starting with the migrations of the Dorset, Thule, and Inuit in the North to the 19th-century journeys of British explorers. To counterbalance the European explorers, Wright refreshingly includes a chapter on the travels and explorations of the legendary hero Kiviuq and angakkuq (shaman) Qidtlarssuaq (also known as Qillaq). The second section is more politically-oriented and discusses issues surrounding Canadian and Inuit sovereignty, the High Arctic relocations, residential schools, and the creation of Nunavut. The final section is a discussion on climate change and a case study on nanuq (polar bear) that convincingly pulls together the threads of historical, economic, political, and climatic change. The book is beautifully printed with many full-page photographs and maps. Coupled with its almost exclusive use of secondary research, the book is intended for a broad audience. It may find use as an undergraduate textbook, albeit a slightly expensive one. Unfortunately, there are a few small errors on the maps. These errors include the location of Igloolik (incorrectly mapped onto Baffin Island) and the location of Winter Harbour on Melville Island, where Sir William Edward Parry and his crew wintered in 1819. Roald Amundsen’s name is misspelled and his 1903-1906 Northwest Passage journey is incorrectly mapped. Wright’s legal studies perspective comes into play in some critical ways in the book. She does little to problematize the Euro-Canadian legal structures that have been imposed on Inuit and their land in her otherwise excellent discussions of Canadian sovereignty and Inuit self-governance in the Arctic. While Wright notes that it is imperfect, she argues that the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act signals an end to colonialism in the North and is a harbinger of modernity (pp. 195, 214, 215). Engaging with works like that of Jackie Price on Inuit governance would have given Wright’s discussion greater nuance. Price (2008) emphasizes the colonial elements in the governance structures of Nunavut in contrast to Wright’s concern about Inuit contending with modernity. In her discussion of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit, a traditional knowledge system, Wright argues that it is invaluable to Qallunaat trying to understand the Arctic and its people. However, her attempt to show the agency and validity of Inuit knowledge replicates the colonial binaries that she tries to dismantle because she frames Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit’s value in terms of its use to Qallunaat instead of acknowledging its value in and of itself. Wright tries to resolve this tension by shifting the conversation to climate change, most specifically in the form of vanishing sea ice. However, because her conceptual framework maintains the foil of Inuit knowledge to Western knowledge, it gives the idea that Inuit are vanishing along with the sea ice. The loss of sea ice is a significant human rights issue, but Inuit did not vanish with the advent of the snowmobile, the shift to year-round settlements, or any other change of the 20th century. This is largely because a central element of Inuit culture and Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit is adaptability, which includes embracing useful technologies and new environments. This issue could …