Abstracts
Abstract
Nunivak Island has the most divergent dialect of Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo, the language of southwestern Alaska. Lexical and phonological divergences have been discussed elsewhere. This paper discusses the form and function of the “participial oblique” verb mood found in Nunivak—but not in other Central Alaskan Yup’ik dialects—and in Central Siberian Yupik Eskimo, the language of St. Lawrence Island Alaska and the tip of Chukotka. Discussed also are differences between the Chukotkan form of the mood and that of St. Lawrence Island, the mood’s presence in Naukan Yupik, and a probable “missing link” participial construction in other Central Alaskan Yup’ik dialects.
Résumé
L’île de Nunivak possède le plus divergent des dialectes de l’eskimo yup’ik central d’Alaska, langue parlée dans le sud-ouest de l’Alaska. Les divergences lexicales et phonologiques ont été examinées précédemment ailleurs. Dans le présent article, on discute de la forme et de la fonction du mode du verbe de type «oblique participial» que l’on trouve dans le yup’ik de Nunivak, mais dans aucun des autres dialectes du yup’ik central d’Alaska, et dans le yupik central sibérien, langue parlée dans l’île Saint-Laurent en Alaska et à la pointe de la Tchoukotka. On examine également les différences entre la forme tchoukotkane du mode et celle de l’île Saint-Laurent, la présence du mode dans le yupik de Naukan et un éventuel «chaînon manquant» dans la construction participiale des autres dialectes du yup’ik central d’Alaska.
Appendices
References
- Amos, Muriel and Howard Amos, 2003 Cup'ig Eskimo Dictionary, Introduction by Steven A. Jacobson, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- ANCSA Testimony, n.d. Testimony concerning local history given in Alaskan native languages to fulfill governmental obligations of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1991, (Those with "NUN" are from Nunivak, were transcribed from tape recordings and translated by various CAY speakers), Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center archives.
- Apassingok, Anders (Iyaaka), Willis Walunga (Kepelgu) and Edward Tennant (Tengutkalek) (eds), 1985 Sivuqam Nangaghnegha — Siivanllemta Ungipaqellghat / Lore of St. Lawrence Island — Echoes of our Eskimo Elders, Volume 1: Gambell, Unalakleet, Bering Strait School District.
- Apassingok, Anders (Iyaaka), Willis Walunga (Kepelgu), Raymond Oozevaseuk (Awitaq) and Edward Tennant (Tengutkalek) (eds), 1987 Sivuqam Nangaghnegha — Siivanllemta Ungipaqellghat / Lore of St. Lawrence Island — Echoes of our Eskimo Elders, Volume 2: Savoonga, Unalakleet, Bering Strait School District.
- Apassingok, Anders (Iyaaka), Willis Walunga (Kepelgu), Jessie Uglowook (Ayuqliq) and Edward Tennant (Tengutkalek) (eds), 1989 Sivuqam Nangaghnegha — Siivanllemta Ungipaqellghat / Lore of St. Lawrence Island — Echoes of our Eskimo Elders, Volume 3: Southwest Cape, Unalakleet, Bering Strait School District.
- Badten, Adelinda Womkon and Michael E. Krauss, 1971 Ungazighmiit Ungipaghaatangit, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- Badten, Linda Womkon, Vera Oovi Kaneshiro and Marie Oovi, 1987 A Dictionary of the St. Lawrence Island / Siberian Yupik Eskimo Language, edited by Steven A. Jacobson, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- Barnum, Francis, 1970 [1901] Grammatical Fundamentals of the Innuit [sic] Language as spoken by the Eskimo of the Western Coast of Alaska, Boston, Ginn and Company (reprint, Hildesheim, New York, Georg Olms Verlag).
- de Reuse, Willem, 1994 Siberian Yupik Eskimo, The Language and Its Contacts with Chukchi, Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press.
- Dobrieva, Elizaveta A., Evgeniy V. Golovko, Steven A. Jacobson and Michael E. Krauss (compilers), 2004 Naukan Yupik Eskimo Dictionary, edited by Steven A. Jacobson, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center (also published in Russian - Cyrillic Naukan format).
- Fienup-Riordan, Ann (ed.), 2000 Where The Echo Began and other Oral Traditions from Southwestern Alaska recoded by Hans Himmelheber, Fairbanks, University of Alaska Press.
- Fortescue, Michael, Steven Jacobson and Lawrence Kaplan, 1994 Comparative Eskimo Dictionary with Aleut Cognates, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- Fredson, Alice, Mary Jane Mann, Elena Dock and Leisy Thornton Wyman, 1998 Kipnirmiut Tiganrita Igmirtitlrit / Qipnermiut Tegganrita Egmirtellrit / The Legacy of the Kipnuk Elders, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- Hammerich, Louis L., 1954 Report on my journeys of 1950 and 1953 to investigate the language of some Eskimos of Alaska, unpublished typescript, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center archives.
- Hammerich, Louis L., 1958 The Western Eskimo dialects, Proceeding of the 32nd International Congress of Americanists, Copenhagen, Munksgaard: 632-639.
- Hinz, John, 1944 Grammar and Vocabulary of the Eskimo Language as spoken by the Kuskokwim and Southwest Coast Eskimos of Alaska, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, The Society for Propagating the Gospel, The Moravian Church.
- Jacobson, Anna, 1990 Elnguq, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- Jacobson, Anna (ed.), 2001 Martha Teeluk-aam Qulirat Avullri Erinairissuutekun Agnes Hootch-aamek, Fairbanks, Lower Kuskokwim School District and Alaska Native Language Center.
- Jacobson, Steven A., 1979 Report on Nunivak dialect and orthography problems, unpublished typescript, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center Fairbanks archives.
- Jacobson, Steven A., 1984 Yup’ik Eskimo Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- Jacobson, Steven A., 1994 The “Observational Construction” in Central (Alaskan) Yup’ik Eskimo and (Central) Siberian Yupik Eskimo, Acta Linguistica Havniensia (International Journal of Linguistics), 27(2): 261-274.
- Jacobson, Steven A., 1995 A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Language, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- Jacobson, Steven A., 1998 Yup’ik Dialect Atlas and Study, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- Jacobson, Steven A., 2001 A Practical Grammar of the St. Lawrence Island / Siberian Yupik Eskimo Language, second edition, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- John, Paul, 2003 Qulirat Qanemcit-llu Kinguvarcimalriit / Stories for Future Generations, Seattle, University of Washington Press.
- Koonooka, Christopher (Petuwaq), 2003 Ungipaghaghlanga. Let Me Tell a Story: Quutmiit Yupigita Unigpaghaatangit. Legends of the Siberian Eskimos, transliterated and translated from Menovshchikov 1988, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.
- Menovshchikov, Georgiy. A., 1967 Grammatika iazyka aziatskikh eskimosov, Volume 2, Moscow and Leningrad, Izdatelst’vo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
- Menovshchikov, Georgiy. A., 1987 Materialiy i issledovaniia po iaziku i fol'kloru naukanskikh eskimosov. Leningrad, Nauka.
- Menovshchikov, Georgiy. A., 1988 Materialiy i issledovaniia po iaziku i fol'kloru chaplinskikh eskimosov. Leningrad, Nauka.
- Orr, Eliza Cingarkaq, Ben Orr, Victor Kanrilak, Jr. and Andy Charlie, Jr., 1997 Ellangellemni / When I Became Aware, Fairbanks, Lower Kuskokwim School District and Alaska Native Language Center.
- REED, Irene, Osahito MIYAOKA, Steven JACOBSON, Paschal AFCAN and Michael KRAUSS, 1977 Yup'ik Eskimo Grammar, Fairbanks, University of Alaska, Alaska Native Language Center and the Yup'ik Language Workshop.
- Rubtsova, Ekaterina C., 1954 Materiali po iazyku i fol’kloru eskimosov (chaplinskii dialect) Chast I, Moscow and Leningrad, Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
- Tennant, Edward A. and Joseph Bitar, 1981 Yuut Qanemciit – Yupiit Cayaraita Qanrutkumallrit / Yupik Lore – Oral Traditions of an Eskimo People, Bethel, Lower Kuskokwim School District.
- Vakhtin, Nikolay B., 1995 Sintaksis iazyka aziatskikh eskimosov. St. Petersburg: Isdatel’stvo Evropeyskogo Doma.
- Woodbury, Anthony C., 1981 Study of the Chevak Dialect of Central Yup'ik Eskimo, Ph.D. dissertation, Berkeley, University of California.
- Woodbury, Anthony C., 1984 Cev’armiut Qanemciit Qulirait-llu, Fairbanks, Alaska Native Language Center.