Abstracts
Abstract
Museums have long been thought of as “quiet” spaces, in which visitors walk slowly through galleries to look at material cultures in glass cases. Music and sound have begun to pervade the quiet spaces of museums in the forms of aural installations and performance-based programs. They are no longer galleries for solely visual engagement, but loud spaces in which visitors and audiences listen to recordings, experience live performances, and participate by themselves singing and playing in workshops, classes, installations, and impromptu demonstrations. This article explores three case studies in exhibiting music. The first is the exhibition Ragamala: Garland of Melodies, which was on display at the Royal Ontario Museum and sought to demonstrate the fluidity between the South Asian arts. The second is an investigation of some of the formal and informal performance-based programming at the Aga Khan Museum. The last case study focuses on a future project, in which collectors of Indian audio cultures will submit contributions to help construct a history of sound in India. Each case study is motivated by a series of central questions: what constitutes “exhibiting music”? What are the broader implications of and consequences for exhibiting music in each case? How does exhibiting music in a museum impact a visitor’s experience? What kinds of new stories are told in exhibiting music and sound? The three case studies respond to these questions and provoke issues and possibilities for further critical inquiry. They show that museums are dynamic spaces with incredible potential to inspire multi-experiential engagement.
Résumé
On a longtemps pensé aux musées comme à des espaces paisibles, silencieux, dans lesquels les visiteurs se déplaçaient lentement en observant des objets de culture matérielle dans des vitrines. La musique et le son ont commencé à se propager dans les espaces tranquilles des musées sous la forme d’installations auditives et de programmes à base d’interprétations. Les galeries n’y sont plus des lieux d’investissement exclusivement visuel, mais des espaces bruyants dans lesquels les visiteurs et les différents publics écoutent des enregistrements, vivent des interprétations en direct et participent eux-mêmes en chantant et en jouant dans des ateliers, des classes, des installations et des animations impromptues. Cet article évoque trois études de cas d’exposition de la musique. La première porte sur l’exposition Ragamala. Guirlande de mélodies, du Musée royal de l’Ontario, qui visait à démontrer la fluidité des mélanges entre les arts de l’Asie du Sud. La deuxième interroge certaines des programmations formelles et informelles basées sur l’interprétation au Musée Aga Khan. La dernière étude de cas porte sur un projet à venir, dans lequel des collectionneurs de matériel culturel sonore de l’Inde proposeront des contributions pour aider à construire l’histoire du son en Inde. Chaque étude de cas est motivée par une série de questions essentielles : de quoi se constitue « l’exposition de la musique » ? Quelles sont les implications et les conséquences au sens large de l’exposition de la musique dans chacun des cas ? Comment l’exposition de musique dans un musée influe-t-elle sur ce que vit le visiteur ? Quels nouveaux types d’histoires se racontent dans l’exposition de la musique et du son ? Ces trois études de cas répondent à ces questions et suscitent des problèmes et des possibilités pour d’autres investigations cruciales à l’avenir. Elles montrent que les musées sont des espaces dynamiques ayant l’incroyable potentiel d’inspirer un investissement personnel multi-expérientiel.
Appendices
Appendices
References
- Baker, Sarah, Lauren Istvandity, and Raphaël Nowak. 2016. “The Sound of Music Heritage: Curating Popular Music in Museum Museums and Exhibitions.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 22(1): 70-81.
- Bijsterveld, Karin. 2015. “Ears-on Exhibitions: Sound in the History Museum.” The Public Historian 37(4): 73-90.
- Capwell, Charles. 2002. “A Rāgamālā for the Empress.” Ethnomusicology 46(2): 197-225.
- Ebeling, Klaus. 1973. Ragamala Painting. Basel: Ravi Kumar.
- Dallapiccola, Anna L. 2011. “Ragamala Painting, a brief introduction.” In Ragamala: Paintings from India, eds. Catherine Glynn, Robert Skelton, and Anna L. Dallapiccola: 13-21. London: Philip Wilson Publishers, Dulwich Picture Gallery, and Brighton Museum & Art Gallery.
- Frishkopf, Michael. 2011. “Ritual as Strategic Action: The Logic of Musical Silence in Canadian Islam.” In Muslim Rap, Halal Soaps, and Revolutionary Theater: Artistic Developments in the Muslim World, ed. Karin van Nieuwkerk: 115-148. Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Kippen, James. 1988. The Tabla of Lucknow: A Cultural Analysis of a Musical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Leonard, Marion. 2010. “Exhibiting Popular Music: Museum Audiences, Inclusion and Social History.” Journal of New Music Research 39(2): 171-181.
- Lowry, Glenn D. and Royal Ontario Museum. 2009. Oil and Sugar: Contemporary Art and Islamic Culture. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum.
- Neuman, Daniel M. 1990[1980]. The Life of Music in North India: The Organization of an Artistic Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Qureshi, Regula. 1995. Sufi Music of India and Pakistan: Sound, Context, and Meaning in Qawwali. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Rancier, Megan. 2014. “The Musical Instrument as National Archive: A Case Study of the Kazakh Qyl-qobyz.” Ethnomusicology 58(3): 379-404.
- Rangacharya, Adya. 1996[1986]. The Nāṭyaśāstra: English Translation with Critical Notes. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
- Reynolds, Simon. 2011. Retromania: Pop Culture’s Addiction to its Own Past. New York: Faber and Faber.
- Rivera-Servera, Ramón H. 2009. “Exhibiting Voice/Narrating Migration: Performance-based Curatorial Practice in ¡Azu´car! The Life and Music of Celia Cruz.” Text and Performance Quarterly 29(2): 131-148.
- Sampath, Vikram. 2010. “My Name Is Gauhar Jaan!”: The Life and Times of a Musician. New Delhi: Rupa & Co.
- Schofield, Katherine Butler. 2010. “Reviving the Golden Age Again: ‘Classicization,’ Hindustani Music, and the Mughals.” Ethnomusicology 54(3): 484-517.
- Sharma, A. N. with Madhu Bala Joshi. 2012. Bajanaama: A Study of Early Indian Gramophone Records. Lucknow: Kathachitra Prakashan.
- Shuker, Roy. 2010. Wax Trash and Vinyl Treasures: Record Collecting as a Social Practice. Farnham, Surrey, England and Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
- Wade, Bonnie C. 1998. Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Walker, Margaret. 2013. “Wounded with the Arrow of Her Eyelashes: Seduction and Sensuality in North Indian Dance.” In Music, Dance, and the Art of Seduction, eds. Frank Kouwenhoven and James Kippen: 303-316. Delft: Eburon.
- Weidman, Amanda J. 2006. Singing the Classical, Voicing the Modern: The Postcolonial Politics of Music in South India. Durham [N.C.]: Duke University Press.
- https://www.agakhanmuseum.org/about/mission, retrieved 2015-06-28.
- https://www.agakhanmuseum.org/performing-arts/event/footsteps-babur-showcase-performance, retrieved 2015-07-18.