Abstracts
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, what constitutes a culture’s heritage has been debated amongst those responsible for governmental policies, as well as the constituents that governments serve. While heritage has often focused on tangible items – architecture and the material world – recent policies have broadened the focus to include the intangible: knowledge, ideas, performances, beliefs handed down for generations. Many national and international agencies – lead by UNESCO – now have policies and programs that deal with intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Within the Canadian context, the federal government has had differing interpretations of the importance of this type of heritage. Most recently, in spite of initial involvement in its drafting, the Department of Canadian Heritage has decided not to support UNESCO’s new international ICH Convention, which went into force in April, 2006, and now includes more than 160 countries that have ratified it. Historically, provincial governments and NGOs across Canada have been more involved with ICH, and it is here that the most recent initiatives are occurring. The changing stance of the Department of Canadian Heritage on this topic may well be related to specific figures involved, unspoken fears of legal repercussions, and the lobbying of special interest heritage groups.
Résumé
Depuis les vingt dernières années, les décideurs politiques au niveau gouvernemental, ainsi que les corps électoraux que servent les gouvernements, ont débattu de ce qui constitue le patrimoine d’une culture. Bien que le patrimoine n’ait souvent été envisagé que sous l’angle du monde matériel – celui de l’architecture et de l’univers des objets – de récentes politiques ont étendu son domaine à l’immatériel : le savoir, les idées, les représentations scéniques, les croyances qui se transmettent au fil des générations. De nombreuses instances nationales et internationales, sous la houlette de l’UNESCO, disposent dorénavant de politiques et de programmes portant sur le patrimoine culturel immatériel (PCI). Au sein du Canada, le gouvernement fédéral a interprété de plusieurs façons parfois divergentes l’importance de ce type de patrimoine. Plus récemment, en dépit de son implication initiale dans la rédaction du projet, le Ministère du Patrimoine canadien s’est résolu à ne plus soutenir la nouvelle Convention internationale pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine immatériel de l’UNESCO qui est entrée en vigueur en avril 2006 et à laquelle adhèrent à présent plus de 160 pays qui l’ont ratifiée. Depuis longtemps, les gouvernements provinciaux et les OGN de tout le pays se soucient de patrimoine immatériel, et c’est sous leur égide qu’ont été réalisées les initiatives les plus récentes. Le revirement du Ministère du Patrimoine canadien à ce sujet pourrait bien tenir à certaines personnalités impliquées, à des craintes tacites de répercussions juridiques et à l’activisme de certains groupes de pression.
Appendices
References
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