Abstracts
Abstract
Gnawa Diffusion was a successful musical group of first- and second-generation North African immigrants that achieved significant fame in North Africa, the Middle East and Europe during the last two decades. Based in France, though from Algeria, their politicized egalitarian message reached the world. Their musical skills, instrumentation, tastes and appeal to youth sounds, sentiments and meanings gave their globalized music a prominent place on the global stage. In their work Gnawa Diffusion addressed a panoply of political issues and sought to represent and reach their audience. Their greatest popularity came at the height and conclusion of the Algerian civil war. By parsing the meanings of the band’s name, this paper engages the events and cultures that informed Gnawa Diffusion, exploring the history of the Gnawa, the history of Algeria, and the relationships between France, North Africa and contemporary “French” music. Issues of cultural authenticity and representation are tightly layered within the band’s purposes and process of artistic production. Because Gnawa Diffusion was envisioned, organized and led by Amazigh Kateb Yassin, and because the band and media recognized him as the spokesperson and principal author for Gnawa Diffusion, Amazigh’s life story and words accompany this paper’s arguments and analysis. Through a selective sketch of the various musical consequences of the North African slave trade, the spread of Islam, the colonization of North Africa and the immigration of Algerians to France, we can begin to comprehend how these histories combined and harmonized through Gnawa Diffusion to form the new musical forms of a generation of people who seek to overcome their often divisive cultural heritage. In this case, the intent of the music challenges common notions of authenticity and thereby affirms it.
Résumé
Gnawa Diffusion est un groupe musical à succès de première et de seconde génération d’immigrants d’Afrique du Nord, qui a atteint une importante renommée en Afrique du Nord, au Moyen-Orient et en Europe au cours des deux dernières décennies. Ses membres sont établis en France, mais d’origine Algérienne. Leur message politisé et égalitaire a atteint le monde entier. L’habileté des musiciens, leurs instrumentations, leurs goûts et le message qu’ils envoient à la jeunesse ont porté leur musique sur la scène mondiale. Dans son travail, Gnawa Diffusion soulève une panoplie de questions politiques et cherche à représenter son public. Sa popularité a atteint des sommets au plus fort de la guerre civile algérienne. En analysant l’origine du nom du groupe, ce document retrace les événements et les cultures qui ont influencé Gnawa Diffusion, en explorant l’histoire des Gnaoua, l’histoire de l’Algérie, les relations entre la France et l’Afrique du Nord et la musique contemporaine française. Les questions de l’identité culturelle et de la représentation sont étroitement superposées aux intentions du groupe et au processus de production artistique. Parce que Gnawa Diffusion a été pensé et conçu par Amazigh Kateb Yassine, et parce que ce dernier a été reconnu comme le porte-parole et le principal auteur de Gnawa Diffusion, sa vie et ses mots accompagnent l’analyse de ce journal. L’étude des conséquences de la traite négrière d’Afrique du Nord, de la propagation de l’islam, de la colonisation de l’Afrique du Nord et de l’immigration algérienne en France nous permet de comprendre comment Gnawa Diffusion a su créer la nouvelle musique d’une génération qui cherche à surmonter les divisions héritées culturellement. Dans ce cas-ci, la musique défie les notions communes d’authenticité, ce qui transparaît dans les performances du groupe.
Appendices
Appendices
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