Abstracts
Abstract
This article critically examines instances of blackface in Newfoundland Christmas mummering. Following Peter Narváez’s call for analysis of expressive culture from folklore and cultural studies approaches, I explore the similarities between these two cultural phenomena. I see them as attempts to work out racial and class tensions among the underclasses dwelling in burgeoning seaport towns along the North American seaboard that were intimately connected, at that time, through heavily-trafficked shipping routes. I offer a reanalysis of the tradition that goes beyond unconscious, symbolic ritualism to one that examines mummering in a historical context. As such, I present evidence which troubles widely held understandings of Christmas mummering as an English-derived calendar custom.
Résumé
Cet article examine d’un point de vue critique les occurrences de blackface au temps du mummering, à la période de Noël à Terre-Neuve. En réponse à l’appel de Peter Narváez pour une analyse de la culture expressive à l’aide d’approches empruntées à l’ethnologie et aux études culturelles, l’auteure examine les points communs entre ces deux phénomènes culturels. Elle les perçoit comme des tentatives d’élimination des tensions raciales et de classe chez les classes les plus défavorisées vivant dans ces petites villes portuaires bourgeonnantes le long du littoral nord-américain et qui étaient intimement connectées, à l’époque, par les routes maritimes très fréquentées. Elle propose une nouvelle analyse de la tradition qui dépasse le ritualisme inconscient et symbolique pour examiner le mummering dans un contexte historique. À cet effet, elle présente des faits qui mettent à mal les interprétations communément acceptées du mummering de Noël comme une coutume calendaire provenant de l’Angleterre.
Appendices
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