Abstracts
Résumé
Au-delà de toute discipline, une théorie sous-tend toujours une quelconque métaphore (Altamirano, 2021; Frisina, 2022; Morgan, 2011; Păstae, 2019). Il serait même requis de retenir non pas une, mais plusieurs métaphores, chacune d’elle ne pouvant dépeindre qu’une facette parcellaire du concept étudié (Morgan, 2016). L’objectif de cet article est de se questionner sur l’interprétation symbolique de l’innovation ouverte (IO). L’analyse exploratoire de quelques articles parmi les plus cités en management de l’innovation met au jour deux métaphores du répertoire de Morgan : l’organisme et l’anthropomorphisme d’une part et, d’autre part, le flux. Plusieurs paradoxes sont également soulignés. Il y a celui entre l’exploitation et l’exploration, deux activités organisationnelles typiquement concurrentes et complémentaires en innovation. Il y a aussi le paradoxe entre le darwinisme social et le volontarisme, avec la métaphore de l’organisme. Il y a également celui entre l’entité (l’organisme-organisation) et le processus (le flux de connaissances entre les organisations partenaires). In fine, la réflexion invite à élargir la symbolique de l’IO pour ouvrir sur la transdisciplinarité avec des métaphores additionnelles porteuses d’une meilleure compréhension de l’IO. La contribution de l’article est, d’un côté, celle de la clarification des métaphores qualifiant l’IO et de l’autre, celle de la mise en évidence de sa pertinence pour une diversité de lectorats ou de disciplines.
Mots-clés :
- Innovation ouverte,
- métaphores,
- organisme,
- flux,
- paradoxe
Appendices
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