Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article fait suite à une recherche de terrain menée auprès de migrants indiens de Montréal et dont l’objectif était de cerner le sens associé à la détresse chez ceux-ci et de constater les différentes stratégies thérapeutiques utilisées en sa présence ou pour la prévenir. L’article se concentre principalement sur la prise en charge de la détresse, laquelle a pour trame de fond une certaine image de l’individu, de ses états d’esprit et de leur temporalité. Les migrants indiens percevant la détresse comme une rupture de l’équilibre intérieur, leurs actions thérapeutiques visent principalement le renforcement de l’intérieur en s’appuyant sur différentes pratiques telles que le yoga, la prière, l’alimentation et l’exercice. Le recours aux médicaments, quant à lui, se situe dans une relation d’extériorité sémantique avec la conception de l’individualité et de la détresse avancée par les répondants.
Mots clés:
- Anthropologie,
- détresse,
- itinéraires thérapeutiques,
- migrants,
- migrants indiens
Abstract
This article is the result of fieldwork conducted in the Indian community of Montreal. The goal of my study was to understand the construction of the meaning associated with distress as well as the various therapeutic itineraries followed by the respondents. This article focuses on different therapeutic strategies used by the Indian migrants and acknowledges the links between such strategies and the underlying perceptions of self and the notion of distress as temporary. Since Indian migrants tend to see distress as manifesting imbalance, their therapeutic actions are usually aimed at reinforcing interiority, using different techniques such as yoga, prayer, diet and exercise. Medication does not seem to fit with this way of perceiving distress, such that taking medication does not make sense for most participants.
Keywords:
- Anthropology,
- distress,
- therapeutic itinerary,
- migrants,
- indian migrants
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Acharya, M. P. et H. C. Northcott, 2007. « Mental distress and the coping strategies of the elderly Indian immigrant women », Transcultural Psychiatry, vol. 44, no 4, p. 614-636.
- Acharya, M. P., 2004. Constructing the meaning of “mental distress”:coping strategies of elderly East Indian immigrant women in Alberta. Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta.
- Anand, A. et R. Cochrane, 2005. « The mental health status of South Asian women in Britain: a review of the UK literature », Psychology and Developing Societies, vol. 17, no 2, p. 195-214.
- Beliappa, J., 1991. Illness or distress ? Alternative models of mental health. Londres, Confederation of Indian Organisations.
- Bhui, K., D. Bhugra, D. Goldberg, J. Sauer et A. Tylee, 2004. « Assessing the prevalence of depression in Punjabi and English primary care attenders: the role of culture, physical illness and somatic symptoms », Transcultural Psychiatry, vol. 41, no 3, p. 307-322.
- Bibeau, G., 1997. « At work in the fields of public health: the abuse of rationality », Medical Anthropology Quarterly, New Series, vol. 11, no 2, p. 246-252.
- Burr, J. et T. Chapman, 2004. « Contextualising experiences of depression in women from South Asian communities: a discursive approach », Sociology of Health & Illness, vol. 26, no 4, p. 433-452.
- Burr, J., 2002. « Cultural stereotypes of women from South Asian communities: mental health care professionals’ explanations for patterns of suicide and depression », Social Science & Medicine, vol. 55, p. 835-845.
- Carstairs, G. M., 1958. The twice-born: a study of a community of high-caste Hindus. Bloomington, Indiana University Press.
- Cohen, L., 1998. No aging in India: Alzheimer’s, the bad family and other modern things. Berkeley, University of California Press.
- Daniel, E. V., 1984. Fluid signs. Being a person the Tamil way. Los Angeles, University of California Press.
- Dein, S. et S. Sembhi, 2001. « The use of traditional healing in South Asian psychiatric patients in the UK: interaction between professional and folk psychiatries », Transcultural Psychiatry, vol. 38, no 2, p. 243-257.
- Duclos, V., 2009. « L’envers de l’imaginé : la détresse dans le corps social chez les immigrants indiens de Montréal », Altérités, vol. 6, no 1, p. 77-94.
- Dumont, L., 1966. Homo Hierarchicus. Essai sur le système des castes. Paris, Gallimard.
- Dyck, I., 2001. « Who and what is Canada ? Constructing cultural identities in health care research », Journal of Historical Geography, vol. 27, no 3, p. 417-429.
- Ecks, S., 2005. « Pharmaceutical citizenship: antidepressant marketing and the promise of demarginalization in India », Anthropology & Medicine, vol. 12, no 3, p. 239-254.
- Emongo, L., K. Das et G. Bibeau, 2001. « Entre la voie spirituelle et la voie officielle : les stratégies de recherche d’aide chez les jeunes hindous de Montréal », Nouvelles pratiques sociales, vol. 14, no 2, p. 173-192.
- Fassin, D. et J.-P. Dozon, 2001. « L’universalisme bien tempéré de la santé publique », in J.-P. Dozon et D. Fassin (dir.), Critique de la santé publique : une approche anthropologique. Paris, Balland, p. 7-19.
- Fenton, S. et A. Sadiq-Sangster, 1990. « Culture, relativism and the expression of mental distress: South Asian women in Britain », Sociology of Health & Illness, vol. 18, no 1, p. 66-85.
- Guzder, J., 1992. « South Asian women: psychological issues related to assimilation », in R. Ghosh et R. Kanungo (dir.), South Asian Canadians. New Delhi, Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute, p. 105-113.
- Horne, R., L. Graupner, S. Frost, J. Weinman, S. M. Wright et M. Hankins, 2004. « Medicine in a multicultural society: the effect of cultural background on beliefs about medication », Social Science & Medicine, vol. 59, p. 1307-1313.
- Hussain, F. et R. Cochrane, 2004. « Depression in South Asian women living in the UK: a review of the literature with implications for service provision », Transcultural Psychiatry, vol. 41, no 2, p. 253-270.
- Hussain, F. et R. Cochrane, 2003. « Living with depression: coping strategies used by South Asian women suffering from depression », Mental Health, Religion and Culture, vol. 5, no 3, p. 21-44.
- Hutchinson, G. et C. Gilvarry, 1998. « Ethnicity and dissatisfaction with mental health services (letter) », British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 172, p. 95c-96c.
- Hyman, I., 2001. Immigration et santé. La série de documents de travail sur les politiques de santé; documents de travail 01-05. Ottawa, Santé Canada. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/sr-sr/alt_formats/hpb-dgps/pdf/pubs/hpr-rps/wp-dt/2001-0105-immigration/2001-0105-immigration-fra.pdf [consulté le 31 octobre 2009].
- Jarvis, E., L. Kirmayer, M. Weinfeld et J.-C. Lasry, 2005. « Religious practice and psychological distress: the importance of gender, ethnicity and immigrant status », Transcultural Psychiatry, vol. 42, no 4, p. 657-675.
- Kakar, S. et K. Kakar, 2007. Les Indiens. Portrait d’un peuple. Paris, Éditions du Seuil.
- Kakar, S., 1978. The inner world: a psycho-analytic study of childhood and society in India. Delhi, Oxford University Press.
- Kirmayer, L., G. Du Fort, A. Young, M. Weinsfeld et J.-C. Lasry, 1996. Pathways and barriers to mental health care in an urban multicultural milieu: an epidemiological and ethnographic study. Montréal, Culture & Mental Health Research Unit, report no 6 (part 1). http://www.mcgill.ca/files/tcpsych/Report6.pdf [consulté le 31 octobre 2009].
- Laroche, M., 2000. « Health status and health services utilisation of Canada’s immigrant and nonimmigrant populations », Canadian Public Policy, vol. 26, p. 51-73.
- Lock, M., 1999. « The politics of health, identity, and culture » in R. J. Contrada et R. D. Ashmore (dir.), Self, social identity and physical health. New York, Oxford University Press, p. 43-68.
- Massé, R., 2000. « Qualitative and quantitative analyses of psychological distress: methodological complementarity and ontological incommensurability », Qualitative Health Research, vol. 10, no 3, p. 411-423.
- Massé, R., 1998. « Les conditions d’une anthropologie sémiotique de la détresse psychologique », Association canadienne de sémiotique, RS-SI, vol. 18, no 3, p. 39-61.
- Nandy, A., 1983. The intimate enemy : loss and recovery of self under colonialism. Delhi, Oxford University Press.
- Raguram, R., M. Weiss, H. Kevak et S. M. Channabasavanna, 2001. « Cultural dimensions of clinical depression in Bangalore, India », Anthropology & Medicine, vol. 8, no 1, p. 31-46.
- Whitley, R., L. Kirmayer et D. Groleau, 2006. « Understanding immigrants’ reluctance to use mental health services: a qualitative study from Montreal », The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 51, no 4, p. 205-209.
- Williams, R. et K. Hunt, 1997. « Psychological distress among British South Asians: the contributions of stressful situations and subcultural differences in the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study », Psychological Medicine, vol. 27, p. 1173-1187.
10.7202/009081ar