Abstracts
Résumé
Les jeunes constituent un groupe particulièrement vulnérable à l’usage de substances psychoactives. Il n’existe aucun rapport sur les facteurs associés à la consommation de substances psychoactives dans cette population spécifique au Mali. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence de la consommation de substances psychoactives légales ou illégales et d’identifier ses facteurs associés chez les jeunes scolaires de Gao au Mali. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que des conditions familiales et scolaires défavorables et la présence d’amis consommateurs de drogues étaient associées à la consommation de substances chez les jeunes scolaires de Gao. Nous avons utilisé des données secondaires issues d’une enquête transversale menée entre octobre et décembre 2022 auprès de 365 élèves de cinq écoles secondaires sélectionnés par un échantillonnage aléatoire à deux degrés. L’analyse a porté sur les enregistrements des élèves âgés de 15 à 25 ans. Des analyses uni et multivariées ont été effectuées à l’aide d’un modèle de régression logistique. Nous avons retenu 336 enregistrements répondant aux critères d’inclusion, dont 58,6 % de garçons. L’âge moyen était de 19,1 ans avec un écart type de 2,3 ans. La prévalence de la consommation de substances psychoactives au cours de la vie était de 47 %. La cigarette était la substance la plus consommée (22,3 %), suivi de la chicha (19,1 %) et de l’alcool (17,9 %). Les facteurs associés à la consommation de substances psychoactives étaient le sexe masculin (ORa=2,2 ; IC95 %=1,3-3,8), la présence d’amis consommateurs de drogues (ORa=3,9 ; IC95 %=1,7-8,8) et l’absentéisme scolaire (ORa=2,9 ; IC95 %=1,4-5,9). Les résultats ont en partie soutenu nos hypothèses et suggèrent la nécessité d’effectuer des recherches à l’échelle nationale en employant des schémas d’études longitudinales.
Mots-clés :
- substances psychoactives,
- élèves,
- jeunes,
- Gao,
- Mali
Abstract
Young people are a particularly vulnerable group to the use of psychoactive substances. There are no reports on the factors associated with psychoactive substance use in this specific population in Mali. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of legal and illegal psychoactive substance use among schoolchildren in Gao, Mali, and to identify associated factors. We hypothesized that adverse family and school conditions and the presence of drug-using friends would be associated with the risk of substance use among schoolchildren in Gao. We used secondary data from a cross-sectional survey conducted between October and December 2022 among 365 students in five secondary schools selected by two-stage random sampling. The analysis focused on the records of students aged 15 to 25 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a logistic regression model. We retained 336 records that met the inclusion criteria, of which 58.6 % were male. The mean age was 19.1 years with a standard deviation of 2.3 years. The prevalence of lifetime use of psychoactive substances was 47%. Cigarette was the most used substance (22.3%), followed by chicha (19.1%) and alcohol (17.9%). Factors associated with substance use were male sex (aOR=2.2; CI95%=1.3-3.8), the presence of friends who use substances (aOR=3.9; CI95%=1.7-8.8), and school absenteeism (aOR=2.9; CI95%=1.4-5.9). The results partially supported our hypotheses and suggest the need for nationwide research using longitudinal study designs.
Keywords:
- psychoactive substances,
- students,
- youth,
- Gao,
- Mali
Resumen
Los jóvenes constituyen un grupo particularmente vulnerable al uso de sustancias psicoactivas. No existe ningún informe sobre los factores relacionados con el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en esta población específica en Mali. El objetivo de este estudio es el de determinar la prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas legales o ilegales e identificar sus factores relacionados entre los jóvenes escolares de Gao o de Mali. Hemos propuesto la hipótesis de que las condiciones familiares y escolares desfavorables y la presencia de amigos consumidores de drogas estaban vinculadas con el consumo de sustancias entre los jóvenes escolares de Gao. Hemos utilizado datos secundarios surgidos de una encuesta transversal llevada a cabo entre octubre y diciembre de 2022 entre 365 alumnos de cinco escuelas secundarias seleccionadas por un muestreo aleatorio de dos grados. Se analizaron las grabaciones de alumnos de 15 a 25 años. Se realizaron análisis uni y multivariados por medio de un modelo de regresión logística. Hemos retenido 336 grabaciones que respondían a los criterios de inclusión, de los cuales el 58,6% eran de varones. La edad promedio fue de 19,1 años con una desviación tipo de 2,3 años. La prevalencia del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas durante el curso de la vida era del 47%. El cigarrillo era la sustancia más consumida (22,3%), seguida de la chicha (19,1%) y del alcohol (17,9%). Los factores relacionados con el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas fueron el sexo masculino (ORa=2,2; IC95%=1,3-3,8), la presencia de amigos consumidores de drogas (ORa=3,9; IC95%=1,7-8,8) y el ausentismo escolar (ORa=2,9; IC95%=1,4-5,9). Los resultados han confirmado en parte nuestra hipótesis y sugieren la necesidad de llevar a cabo investigaciones a escala nacional empleando esquemas de estudios longitudinales.
Palabras clave:
- sustancias psicoactivas,
- alumnos,
- jóvenes,
- Gao,
- Mali
Appendices
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