Abstracts
Résumé
Si de nombreux jeux vidéo sont vendus moyennant un certain montant, le modèle d’affaire des jeux gratuits (free-to-play) s’est rapidement imposé au cours de la dernière décennie. Or ce modèle, qui est basé sur la collecte de données personnelles, les microtransactions et le profilage publicitaire, implique des ventes d’items et un temps de connexion le plus étendu possible afin d’accroître les profits. Pour ce faire, différentes stratégies sont utilisées, dont des stratégies dites « persuasives » qui influencent les joueurs et joueuses à demeurer connectés, à dépenser et à revenir fréquemment sur le jeu gratuit. Parmi ces stratégies, les mécaniques de jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) sont reconnues pour leur force persuasive et leur pouvoir addictif. Elles sont pourtant de plus en plus présentes au sein des jeux mobiles pour les adultes, mais également ceux pour les enfants. Afin de documenter le phénomène, 249 jeux mobiles gratuits pour enfants ont été analysés pour évaluer la prévalence des mécaniques persuasives et de JHA, leurs formes d’actualisation et leurs types d’intégration dans l’expérience vidéoludique des enfants. Nos résultats démontrent une « gamblification » des jeux mobiles gratuits pour enfants et un conditionnement des comportements qui passe par une normalisation des mécaniques persuasives et de JHA auprès de ce jeune public. La convergence des jeux vidéo avec les JHA se confirme à nouveau avec une focalisation sur des jeux pour un très jeune public. L’article se conclut en prenant acte de ce sérieux enjeu de santé publique en lien avec le bien-être des enfants.
Mots-clés :
- jeux mobiles gratuits,
- jeux vidéo,
- mécaniques persuasives,
- « gamblification »,
- enfants,
- addiction
Abstract
The free-to-play business model became increasingly popular over the past decade. Based on the collection of personal data, microtransactions and advertising profiling, this model requires the sale of in-game items and players’ prolonged connection times to generate profits. Various strategies are used to ensure its financial success, including so-called “persuasive” strategies that influence players to stay connected, spend money, and return frequently to the game. Among these strategies, gambling mechanics are renowned for their persuasiveness and addictive power. Nevertheless, they are increasingly present in mobile games for adults, as well as those for children. To document this phenomenon, 249 free mobile games for children were analyzed to assess the prevalence of persuasive and gambling mechanics, actualization, and types of integration into children’s gaming experiences. Our findings demonstrate a gamblification of free mobile games for children by conditioning behaviours through the normalization of persuasive and gambling mechanics with this young audience. The convergence of video games with gambling is confirmed once again, focusing on games for a very young audience. The article concludes by acknowledging this serious public health issue concerning children’s well-being.
Keywords:
- Free-to-play,
- mobile games,
- video games,
- persuasives mechanics,
- gamblification,
- children,
- addiction
Resumen
Si bien numerosos juegos video se venden con el desembolso de un cierto monto de dinero, el modelo de negocios de los juegos gratuitos (free-to-play) se ha impuesto rápidamente durante el último decenio. Este modelo, que se basa en la recolección de datos personales, las micro transacciones y el perfilado publicitario implica la necesidad de vender artículos y obtener un tiempo de conexión lo más extendido posible para aumentar los beneficios. Para lograrlo se utilizan diferentes estrategias, entre ellas las estrategias llamadas “persuasivas”, que influyen en los jugadores y jugadoras para que permanezcan conectados, para que gasten y vuelvan lo más frecuentemente posible al juego gratuito.
Entre estas estrategias, los mecanismos de juegos de azar y de dinero son notables por su fuerza persuasiva y su poder adictivo. Sin embargo, aparecen con cada vez más frecuencia en los juegos móviles para adultos e igualmente para los de los niños. Con el fin de documentar el fenómeno, se analizaron 249 juegos móviles gratuitos para niños con el objetivo de evaluar la prevalencia videolúdica de las mecánicas persuasivas y de JHA, sus formas de actualización y sus tipos de integración en la experiencia videolúdica de los niños. Nuestros resultados demuestran la introducción del azar (gamblification) en los juegos móviles gratuitos para niños y un condicionamiento de los comportamientos que pasa por la normalización de las mecánicas persuasivas y de JHA con este público joven. La convergencia de los juegos video con los JHA se confirma de nuevo con una focalización sobre juegos para un público muy joven. El artículo concluye con la constatación de este serio problema de salud pública en relación con el bienestar de los niños.
Palabras clave:
- juegos móviles gratuitos,
- mecánicas persuasivas,
- introducción del azar,
- niños
Appendices
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