Abstracts
Résumé
Objectifs : Comparer la consommation de substances, les comportements de jeu et les traits de personnalité de deux groupes d’individus ayant un trouble de jeu pathologique (patients jeunes et adultes) ; explorer l’apport du sexe, de l’âge et des traits de personnalités sur la consommation de substances et évaluer la capacité de prédire la consommation de substances à partir de l’âge et des traits de personnalité.
Méthodes : L’échantillon était formé de 428 patients ayant un trouble de jeu pathologique (TJP), divisés en deux groupes selon l’âge (55 jeunes patients [âge ≤ 25 ans] et 373 patients d’âge moyen à avancé [âge > 25 ans]). Tous les patients ont été admis dans un département de psychiatrie et diagnostiqués selon les critères du DSM-IV. En outre, d’autres évaluations cliniques, dont le Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pathological Gambling en vertu des critères du DSM-IV, le South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) et le Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), ont été utilisées pour examiner les comportements de jeu, la consommation de substances et la personnalité.
Résultats : À la comparaison des deux groupes d’âge, nous avons observé des différences statistiquement significatives pour plusieurs variables sociodémographiques. En outre, les plus jeunes patients ayant un TJP présentaient un taux plus élevé de consommation de substances (p = 0,010). Pour ce qui est des traits de personnalité, des différences ont été remarquées seulement à l’échelle de recherche de nouveautés (RN) où les patients plus jeunes obtenaient des cotes élevées (p = 0,006). Des cotes plus élevées (p =0,022) à l’échelle de recherche de nouveautés (RN) et plus basses (p = 0,028) à l’échelle d’auto-transcendance représentaient des traits de personnalité ayant une interrelation significative avec la consommation de tabac (p = 0,003). Toutefois, seul l’âge était associé à la consommation d’autres substances (p =0,003).
Conclusions : Les résultats confirment que le trouble de jeu pathologique (TJP) est souvent concomitant avec la consommation de substances. L’interrelation du TJP et de la consommation de tabac, d’alcool et d’autres substances entraîne une gamme d’implications cliniques et liées à la personnalité, particulièrement chez les populations jeunes. Puisque plusieurs études ont démontré que le taux de TJP est plus élevé chez les jeunes, le début précoce du trouble est souvent lié à une gravité accrue et à une persistance des problèmes de jeu. En outre, la présence d’un double diagnostic (consommation de substances) pourrait compliquer la réponse aux traitements. Pour cette raison, l’étude des populations jeunes est d’un intérêt particulier afin de concevoir et de mettre en oeuvre des programmes de traitement qui abordent tous les problèmes liés aux profils cliniques de ce groupe d’âge.
Mots-clés :
- bas âge,
- âge précoce,
- trouble de jeu pathologique,
- personnalité,
- troubles liés à l’utilisation substances
Abstract
Objectives: To compare substance use, gambling behaviors and personality traits between two different groups of individuals with a gambling disorder (young and adult patients); to explore the contribution of sex, age and personality traits on substance use; and to evaluate the capacity of age and personality traits to predict substance use.
Methods: The participants were 428 gambling disorder (GD) patients, divided into two groups based on age [55 young participants (age≤25 years) and 373 middle- to old-aged participants (age>25 years)]. All were consecutively admitted to a Psychiatry Department and diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria. In addition, the Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pathological Gambling according to DSM-IV criteria, the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), and other clinical measures were used to examine gambling behaviors, substance use and personality.
Results: When the two age groups were compared, statistically significant differences were observed in several sociodemographic variables. Furthermore, the younger GD patients presented higher rates of drug use (p=.010). Regarding the personality traits, differences were found only in the Novelty Seeking (NS) scale, where the younger patients presented elevated scores (p=.006). Higher scores (p=.022) in NS and lower ones (p=.028) in Self-Transcendence (ST) were the personality traits significantly associated with tobacco consumption (p=.003). However, only age was associated with other substance use (p=.003).
Conclusions: The results confirm that GD often co-occurs with substance use. The association between GD and the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs has a series of clinical and personality implications, particularly for young populations. Since several studies have demonstrated that GD rates are higher among younger individuals, early onset of the disorder is often associated with greater severity and persistence of the gambling problems. In addition, the presence of a dual diagnosis (drug consumption) could complicate the response to treatment. It is therefore of special interest to continue the study of young populations in order to design and implement treatment programs that address all the problems linked to the clinical profiles in this age range.
Keywords:
- early age,
- gambling disorder,
- personality,
- substance use disorders
Resumen
Objetivos: comparar el consumo de sustancias, los comportamientos de juego y los rasgos de personalidad de dos grupos de personas que presentan un problema patológico de juego (pacientes jóvenes y adultos); explorar el aporte del sexo, de la edad y de los rasgos de la personalidad en el consumo de sustancias y evaluar la capacidad predictiva de la edad y de los rasgos de la personalidad sobre el consumo de sustancias.
Métodos: la muestra estaba formada por 428 pacientes que presentaban un problema de juego patológico (PJP), divididos en dos grupos según la edad (55 pacientes jóvenes [edad ≤ 25 años] y 373 pacientes de edad promedio a avanzada [edad > 25 años]). Todos los pacientes fueron admitidos en un departamento de psiquiatría y diagnosticados según los criterios del DSM-IV. Se utilizaron además otras evaluaciones clínicas, como el Cuestionario de Diagnóstico del Juego Patológico [Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pathological Gambling] en virtud de los criterios del DSM-IV, el Despistaje del Juego de South Oakelle (SOGS) [South Oaks Gambling Screen] y el Inventario de Temperamento y Carácter Revisado (TCI-R) [Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R)] para examinar los comportamientos de juego, el consumo de sustancias y la personalidad.
Resultados: en la comparación de los dos grupos de edad se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en varias variables socio-demográficas. Además, los pacientes más jóvenes con PJP presentaban un porcentaje más elevado de consumo de drogas (p=0,010). Con respecto a los rasgos de la personalidad, se notaron diferencias solamente en la escala de búsqueda de novedades, en la que los pacientes más jóvenes obtenían cotas elevadas (p=0,006). Las cotas más elevadas (p=0,022) en la escala de búsqueda de novedades y las más bajas (p=0,028) en la escala de auto-trascendencia representaban los rasgos de la personalidad que tenían una interrelación significativa con el consumo de tabaco (p=0,003). Sin embargo, solamente la edad estaba relacionada con el consumo de otras sustancias (p=0,003).
Conclusiones: los resultados confirman que el problema de juego patológico (PJP) es a menudo concomitante con el consumo de sustancias. La interrelación del PJP y del consumo de tabaco, de alcohol y de otras sustancias tiene como consecuencia una serie de implicaciones clínicas relacionadas con la personalidad, particularmente en los jóvenes. Puesto que numerosos estudios demostraron que el porcentaje de PJP es más elevado entre los jóvenes, el comienzo precoz del problema está ligado a menudo a un aumento de la gravedad y a una persistencia de los problemas de juego. Por otra parte, la presencia de un doble diagnóstico (consumo de sustancias) podría complicar la respuesta a los tratamientos. Por esta razón, el estudio de las poblaciones jóvenes es de particular interés para concebir y poner en práctica programas de tratamiento que aborden todos los problemas relacionados con los perfiles clínicos de este grupo de edad.
Palabras clave:
- menores,
- edad precoz,
- problema de juego patológico,
- personalidad,
- problemas relacionados con la utilización de sustancias
Appendices
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Appendices
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