Abstracts
Résumé
Depuis une quinzaine d’années, la forte prévalence de la co-morbidité des « troubles liés à l’utilisation d’une substance et à l’état de stress post-traumatique » a amené un nombre croissant d’auteurs à s’intéresser aux conséquences de celle-ci sur le traitement. Les données empiriques issues de ces études mettent d’abord en relief que la clientèle qui consulte pour alcoolisme et toxicomanie présente un tableau clinique à l’entrée en traitement nettement plus détérioré lorsque le trouble lié à l’utilisation d’une substance s’accompagne de l’état de stress post-traumatique. En plus de se présenter avec un profil clinique plus complexe, les usagers avec ces troubles concomitants retirent généralement moins de bénéfices du traitement de la toxicomanie.
Des programmes de traitement intégré s’avèrent prometteurs pour accroître les bénéfices lorsque les deux troubles sont présents simultanément, mais ne semblent pas contrer le problème de l’abandon prématuré du traitement. Bien qu’aucune étude n’ait été élaborée spécifiquement dans le but d’identifier les facteurs impliqués dans ce processus, la recension des écrits révèle plusieurs indices qui suggèrent trois hypothèses explicatives : l’hypothèse d’automédication, la faiblesse de l’alliance thérapeutique et le manque de soutien social sans compter la contribution potentielle d’obstacles pratiques tels que des difficultés de transport ou des contraintes financières. Ces hypothèses devraient orienter la recherche et ainsi fournir des éléments essentiels à la conception de traitements mieux adaptés à la réalité des survivants de trauma.
Mots-clés:
- troubles liés à l’utilisation d’une substance,
- état de stress post-traumatique,
- co-morbidité,
- persévérance en traitement,
- toxicomanie,
- addiction
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, the high prevalence of the comorbidity of “substance use disorders/post-traumatic stress disorder” has brought a growing number of researchers to look at the consequences of this dual diagnosis on treatment. The empirical data from these studies demonstrates that the clinical profile of persons who consult for alcoholism and drug addiction is more deteriorated when the substance use disorder is combined with a post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, these persons usually derive less benefit from the addiction treatment.
Integrated treatment programs seem promising in treating both disorders but do not appear to rule out the dropout problem. Even though no study has been specifically designed to identify the factors involved in the process, a review of the literature reveals many cues which suggest three hypotheses : self-medication, the weakness of the therapeutic alliance and lack of social support not to mention the potential contribution of practical obstacles such as the lack of transportation and financial constraints. These hypotheses should orient future research in order to determine the essential elements in designing treatment programs that are better adapted to the reality of trauma survivors.
Keywords:
- substance use disorders,
- post-traumatic stress disorder,
- comorbidity,
- perseverance in treatment,
- addiction
Resumen
Desde hace unos quince años, la fuerte prevalencia de la comorbididad de los “problemas relacionados con el consumo de una sustancia y el estado de estrés postraumático” ha hecho que una cantidad creciente de autores se interesen en las consecuencias de estos factores en el tratamiento. Los datos empíricos que surgen de estos estudios destacan en primer lugar que la clientela que consulta por alcoholismo y toxicomanía presenta, al comenzar el tratamiento, un cuadro clínico claramente más deteriorado cuando el problema relacionado con el consumo de una sustancia está acompañado por el estado de estrés postraumático. Además de presentarse con un perfil clínico más complejo, los usuarios con estos problemas concomitantes obtienen generalmente menos beneficios del tratamiento de la toxicomanía.
Los programas de tratamiento integrado son prometedores para aumentar los beneficios cuando los dos problemas se presentan simultáneamente, pero no parecen resolver el problema del abandono prematuro del tratamiento. Si bien no se ha elaborado específicamente ningún estudio con el objetivo de identificar los factores implicados en este proceso, el análisis de la bibliografía revela varios indicios que sugieren tres hipótesis explicativas : la hipótesis de la automedicación, la de la debilidad de la alianza terapéutica y la de la falta de apoyo social, sin contar con la contribución potencial de obstáculos prácticos, tales como los problemas de transporte o las dificultades financieras. Estas hipótesis deberían orientar la investigación y proporcionar elementos esenciales para la concepción de tratamientos mejor adaptados a la realidad de los sobrevivientes de traumas.
Palabras clave:
- problemas relacionados con el consumo de una sustancia,
- estado de estrés postraumático,
- comorbididad,
- perseverancia en el tratamiento,
- toxicomanía,
- adicción
Appendices
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