Abstracts
Abstract
This paper presents findings from qualitative interviews with five Jewish people — two Rabbis and three workers in various community service capacities — about their understandings and practices of the Jewish principle of tikkun olam. Tikkun olam is a Hebrew phrase that means “the repair of the world,” has its roots in Rabbinic law, the Kabbalah and the ‘Aleinu prayer, and became a mainstream term for Jewish social justice work and community contribution in North America following the Shoah (Holocaust). In this study, participants spoke to the imperative to act and responsibility; external tikkun and internal tikkun; collectivity and interconnectedness; the presence of Jewish history in their work, particularly in the case of the Holocaust; and the spiritual dimension of working with people. This study was undertaken with a narrative approach, to honour and preserve understandings of tikkun olam across Jewish communities. This study indicates the continuing influence of tikkun olam in settings both within and outside the Jewish community. Potential future areas of research are the role of spirituality in social workers’ commitment to social justice and the commitment expressed by several participants to work with Aboriginal people based on a shared history of cultural genocide.
Keywords:
- Tikkun olam,
- spirituality,
- social work,
- Jewish philosophy,
- Holocaust
Résumé
Le présent article expose les résultats d’entretiens qualitatifs menés auprès de cinq personnes juives – deux rabbins et trois femmes qui travaillent à divers titres dans des services communautaires – au sujet de ce qu’ils savent du principe juif de tikkoun olam et de la façon dont ils le mettent en pratique. Ce principe, dont le nom vient de l’hébreu et signifie « réparation du monde », trouve son origine dans la loi rabbinique, la kabbale et la prière Aleinu. L’expression tikkoun olam est devenue courante pour désigner les efforts de justice sociale et la contribution communautaire des Juifs en Amérique du Nord après la Shoah (holocauste). Dans la présente étude, les participants ont parlé de la nécessité d’agir et du sentiment de responsabilité qui les habitent; de tikkoun externe et de tikkoun interne; de collectivité et d’interconnexion; de la présence de l’histoire juive dans leur travail, particulièrement dans le cas de l’holocauste; et de la dimension spirituelle du travail auprès des gens. L’étude a été menée dans une approche descriptive, pour honorer et préserver les connaissances des communautés juives entourant le tikkoun olam. Elle montre que ce principe continue à avoir de l’influence tant au sein de la communauté juive qu’à l’extérieur. De futures recherches pourraient porter sur le rôle de la spiritualité dans l’engagement des travailleurs sociaux à l’égard de la justice sociale et sur la volonté exprimée par plusieurs participants de travailler avec les Autochtones vu le vécu du génocide culturel qu’ils partagent.
Mots-clés :
- Tikkoun olam,
- spiritualité,
- travail social,
- philosophie juive,
- holocauste
Appendices
Bibliography
- Cooper, L. (2014). The assimilation of Tikkun Olam. Jewish Political Studies Review. 25(3-4). Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2385947
- Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Desbois, Father P. (2008). The Holocaust by bullets: A priest’s journey to uncover the truth behind the murder of 1.5 million Jews. New York, NY: St. Martin’s.
- Fackenheim, E. (1982). To mend the world. New York, NY: Schocken Books.
- Fine, L. (1989). Tikkun: A lurianic motif in contemporary Jewish thought. In J. Neusner, E. S. Frerichs, and N. M. Sarna (Eds.), From ancient Israel to modern Judaism: Intellect in question of understanding. Essays in honor of Marvin Fox, volume four (pp. 35-55). Atlanta, GA: Scholars Press.
- Fleming, J. and R. J. Ledogar. (2008). Resilience, an evolving concept: A review of literature relevant to Aboriginal research. Pimatisiwin, 6(2): 7-23.
- Graham, M., Kaiser, T., & Garrett, K. J. (1998) Naming the spiritual: The hidden dimension of helping. Social Thought, 18(4), 49-61.
- Greene R. R. (2010) A study of Holocaust survivors: Implications for curriculum. Journal of Social Work Education, 46(2), 293-303.
- Lederman, J. (1999). Trauma and healing in Aboriginal families and communities. Native Social Work Journal, 2(1), 59-89.
- Lee, S. S. (1990) Repairing the world from the perspective of Jewish tradition. Religious Education, 85(3), 402-410.
- Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative researching. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (3rd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- McKernan, M. (2005). Exploring the spiritual dimension of social work. Critical Social Work, 6(2). Retrieved from http://www1.uwindsor.ca/criticalsocialwork/exploring-the-spiritual-dimension-of-social-work.
- Rosenthal, G. S. (2005). Tikkun ha-Olam: Metamorphosis of a concept. The Journal of Religion. 85, 214-240.
- Shneer, D. (2014) Ghostly landscapes: Soviet liberators photograph the Holocaust. Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development. 5(2), 235-246.
- Tikkun Olam: Repairing the world. Retrieved from http://www.myjewishlearning.com/practices/Ethics/Caring_For_Others/Tikkun_Olam_Repairing_the_World_.shtml
- Unterman, A. (Ed.) (2008). The Kabbalistic tradition. London, UK: Penguin Books.
- Wagler-Martin, W. (2005) Listening to our stillness: Giving voice to our spirituality (Spirituality and clinical practice), Critical Social Work 6(2).Retrieved from http://www1.uwindsor.ca/criticalsocialwork/listening-to-our-stillness-giving-voice-to-our-spirituality-spirituality-clinical-practice
- Weinberg, M. (2010). Seeking an ethical life: “Justice, justice shalt thou pursue.” Canadian Social Work Review, 27(1), 133-137.
- Whittemore, R., Chase, S. K., & Mandle, C. L. (2001). Validity in qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research, 11(4), 522-537.