Abstracts
Résumé
Au Canada, le risque de récidive sexuelle de délinquants sexuels suscite des préoccupations sociales, juridiques et politiques depuis environ 80 ans. Une revue systématique de 160 études canadiennes sur la récidive des délinquants sexuels réalisées entre 1940 et 2019 a été l’objet d’une méta-analyse quantitative afin d’évaluer ces taux et leur évolution à travers le temps. L’analyse des taux moyens pondérés depuis 80 ans montre que la récidive sexuelle a chuté de façon abrupte et significative depuis les années 1970. Une série de méta-régressions montre que cette chute ne semble pas être le résultat de variations méthodologiques. Ces résultats soulèvent des questions fondamentales concernant l’évolution des taux de récidive à travers le temps, un sujet de recherche largement inexploré à ce jour. Des hypothèses sont proposées pour expliquer la chute de la récidive, mais plus important encore, ces résultats pointent vers un nouveau champ de recherche pour une criminologie comparée.
Mots-clés :
- Délinquance sexuelle,
- effets de période,
- méta-analyse,
- récidive,
- service correctionnel
Abstract
For more than 80 years, the risk of sexual recidivism has raised social, legal and political concerns. A systematic review yielding more than 160 Canadian studies on sex offender recidivism conducted between 1940 and 2019 underwent a quantitative meta-analysis to assess these rates and their evolution over time. Analyses of weighted pooled recidivism rates show that sexual recidivism has significantly dropped since the 1970s. A series of meta-regressions show that the recidivism drop holds after statistically controlling for various methodological details. These findings raise fundamental questions about how and why recidivism rates have changed over time, a largely unexplored research topic. While we offer hypotheses to explain the recidivism drop, these findings point toward a new field of comparative criminology research.
Keywords:
- Corrections,
- meta-analysis,
- period effect,
- recidivism,
- sexual offending
Resumen
En Canadá, el riesgo de reincidencia sexual de los delincuentes sexuales suscita preocupaciones sociales, jurídicas y políticas desde hace aproximadamente 80 años. Una revisión sistemática de 160 estudios canadienses sobre la reincidencia de los delincuentes sexuales realizados entre 1940 y 2019 fue objeto de un metaanálisis cuantitativo para evaluar estos niveles y su evolución a través del tiempo. El análisis de los niveles medios ponderados de los últimos 80 años muestra que la reincidencia sexual ha caído de manera abrupta y significativa desde los años 1970. Una serie de meta-regresiones muestran que la caída no parece ser el resultado de variaciones metodológicas. Estos resultados hacen emerger cuestiones fundamentales sobre la evolución de los niveles de reincidencia a lo largo del tiempo, un objeto de investigación aún inexplorado. Se proponen diversas hipótesis para explicar la caída de la reincidencia y, más importante aún, los resultados apuntan a un nuevo campo de investigación para la criminología comparada.
Palabras clave:
- Delincuencia sexual,
- metaanálisis,
- efecto de periodo,
- reincidencia,
- servicios penitenciarios
Appendices
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