Abstracts
Résumé
La théorie de l’action situationnelle (TAS) est une théorie générale du crime qui propose d’expliquer la décision du passage à l’acte délinquant comme le résultat de l’interaction entre la propension criminelle d’un individu et l’environnement criminogène dans lequel cet individu décide de commettre un délit. Sur la base de l’échantillon des données belges de la Recherche Internationale de Délinquance Auto-révélée (ISRD-3), composé de 4758 adolescents, des régressions multiples (OLS) ont été menées afin de tester les questions centrales de l’axe situationnel ainsi que quelques questions de l’axe sociodéveloppemental. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que la propension criminelle et l’exposition à des environnements criminogènes participent individuellement et conjointement au comportement délinquant des adolescents ; que la moralité explique davantage cette propension criminelle que le contrôle de soi ; et enfin, que cette propension est elle-même expliquée de façon significative par de faibles relations avec les parents et avec l’école ainsi que par une criminalité perçue à l’école et dans le voisinage (exposition socioécologique). Les contributions de cette recherche tendent à confirmer les questions centrales de la TAS auprès d’un échantillon européen, en partie francophone, nous permettant de discuter certaines pistes de prévention et défis méthodologiques autour de la TAS.
Mots-clés :
- Moralité,
- contrôle de soi,
- exposition aux environnements criminogènes,
- théorie de l’action situationnelle
Abstract
The Situational Action Theory (SAT) is a general action theory of crime that explains the decision to commit a crime as the result of interaction between an individual’s criminal propensities and the environment in which the decision to commit a crime is made. As a test of several key situational and socio-developmental propositions of the SAT, multiple regression analyses (OLS) were performed on a sample of 4758 Belgian adolescents as part of the International Study of Research on Delinquency (ISRD-3). The results show that criminal propensity and specific criminogenic exposure contribute both individually and interactively to offending, that morality has a greater effect on criminal propensity than self-control, and that individual differences in criminal propensity are significantly explained by the cumulative effect of weak relationships with parents and at school and the level of exposure to crime in school or neighborhood (socio-ecological exposure). Our findings confirm the major hypotheses of the SAT using a partly francophone European sample and allow us to discuss some avenues for prevention as well as methodological issues for future research.
Keywords:
- Morality,
- self-control ability,
- criminogenic moral settings,
- situational action theory
Resumen
La teoría de la acción situacional (TAS) es una teoría general del crimen que propone explicar la decisión del pasar al acto delincuente como el resultado de la interacción entre la propensión criminal de un individuo y el ambiente criminógeno en el cual este individuo decide cometer el delito. Con base en la muestra de los datos belgas de la Investigación Internacional de Delincuencia Auto-revelada (ISRD-3), compuesto de 4758 adolescentes, unas regresiones múltiples (OLS) fueron realizadas con el fin de probar las cuestiones centrales del eje situacional, así como algunas preguntas del eje socio-desarrollista. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la propensión criminal y la exposición a ambientes criminógenos participan, individualmente y conjuntamente, al comportamiento criminal de los adolescentes ; que la moralidad explica en mayor medida esta propensión criminal que el auto-control ; y, finalmente, que esta propensión está de por sí explicada de forma significativa por relaciones débiles con los padres y con el colegio, así como por una criminalidad percibida en la escuela y en el vecindario (exposición socio-ecológica). Las contribuciones de esta investigación tienden a confirmar las hipótesis centrales de la TAS en una muestra europea, en parte francófona, permitiéndonos discutir algunas pistas de prevención y retos metodológicos en torno a la TAS.
Palabras clave:
- Moralidad,
- auto-control,
- exposición a ambientes criminógenos,
- teoría de la acción situacional
Appendices
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