Abstracts
Résumé
Dans les dernières années, les gangs de rue ont attiré l’attention du public, des autorités et des chercheurs en raison de la productivité criminelle et de la violence de ses membres. Il est bien établi dans la littérature que les jeunes contrevenants associés aux gangs de rue présentent une délinquance plus prolifique et sérieuse que les jeunes contrevenants non associés ; toutefois, ce qui les distingue sur le plan individuel est encore très peu étudié. Pourtant, en vue d’optimiser les mesures de prévention et d’intervention, une connaissance approfondie des caractéristiques psychologiques de ceux-ci est nécessaire. L’objectif de l’étude est de comparer les jeunes contrevenants associés ou non aux gangs de rue sur la base de leurs traits de personnalité. Deux cent onze jeunes contrevenants (dont soixante-dix-neuf associés aux gangs de rue) recrutés dans des établissements de détention ainsi que dans des centres jeunesse ont rempli plusieurs questionnaires mesurant l’appartenance aux gangs de rue, la délinquance ainsi que les traits de personnalité. Les jeunes contrevenants associés aux gangs de rue se distinguent des jeunes contrevenants non associés par un plus faible niveau d’agréabilité, de confiance, de droiture, d’altruisme, de conformisme, de modestie et de chaleur ainsi que par un plus haut niveau d’hostilité. En plus de corroborer la sévérité des comportements délinquants de ces derniers, l’étude a également permis de relever des différences quant à leurs caractéristiques psychologiques.
Mots-clés :
- Délinquance,
- gang de rue,
- traits de personnalité
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of street gangs has attracted the attention of the public, authorities and researchers, due to the criminal productivity and violence of its members. It is well established in the literature that young offenders associated with street gangs have more prolific and serious delinquency than young non-associated offenders, however, their individual differentiation isn’t well known. Yet, in order to optimize prevention and intervention measures, a thorough knowledge of the psychological characteristics of young offenders associated with street gangs is necessary. The objective of this study is to compare young offenders associated or not with street gangs on the basis of their personality traits, an individual characteristic closely related to delinquency. Two hundred eleven young offenders (79 of them associated with street gangs) recruited from different detention centers, as well as from youth centers in Quebec have answered multiple self-reported questionnaires (belonging to street gangs, delinquency and personality traits). Young offenders associated with street gangs are distinguished from non-associated youth offenders by a lower level of agreeableness, trust, straightforwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty and warmth, and a higher level of hostility. Beside corroborating the severity of offender’s delinquent behaviors, the study also found differences in their psychological characteristics.
Keywords:
- Delinquency,
- street gangs,
- personality traits
Resumen
En los últimos años, las pandillas callejeras han llamado la atención del público, de las autoridades y de los investigadores por la productividad criminal y la violencia de sus miembros. Está bien establecido en la literatura que los jóvenes infractores asociados a las pandillas presentan una delincuencia más prolífica y seria que los jóvenes infractores no asociados. Sin embargo, lo que los diferencia en el plano individual ha sido poco estudiado todavía. Por lo tanto, con el fin de optimizar las medidas de prevención y de intervención, un conocimiento en profundidad de las características psicológicas de ellos es necesaria. El objetivo del estudio es comparar a los jóvenes delincuentes asociados o no a las pandillas callejeras sobre la base de sus rasgos de personalidad. Doscientos once jóvenes transgresores (de los cuales setenta y nueve están asociados a las pandillas), reclutados en establecimientos de detención y en centros para jóvenes, llenaron varios cuestionarios que medían la pertenencia a las pandillas, la delincuencia, así como los rasgos de personalidad. Los jóvenes infractores asociados a las pandillas callejeras se diferencian de los jóvenes no asociados por un nivel más bajo de afabilidad, de confianza, de justicia, de altruismo, de conformismo, de modestia y de ser calorosos, así como por un nivel más alto de hostilidad. Además de corroborar la severidad de sus conductas delincuentes, el estudio permitió revelar la existencia de diferencias en cuanto a sus características psicológicas.
Palabras clave:
- Delincuencia,
- pandillas,
- rasgos de personalidad
Appendices
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