Abstracts
Résumé
Dans les faits, des individus qui embrassent les trajectoires déviantes arrivent peu à maintenir une cadence linéaire ou constante dans leur déviance. Les changements et les transitions sont fréquents au sein des trajectoires déviantes qui, en réalité, fluctuent au fil du temps. Peu d’études se sont toutefois attardées, d’une manière dynamique, à ce qui explique ces changements. En se servant des renseignements autorévélés, collectés à l’aide de la méthode des calendriers de récits de vie, et dans un examen des changements inter et intra-individuels, cette étude compare les épisodes de rechute au sein de deux trajectoires déviantes, celles de 50 joueurs excessifs et de 107 délinquants. La démonstration met en évidence le caractère général du cadre analytique de la carrière criminelle. En particulier, nos résultats soulignent l’intérêt de considérer à la fois les facteurs liés aux caractéristiques individuelles et ceux associés aux circonstances de vie. On découvre également dans cette étude que l’effet des circonstances de vie est souvent conditionnel à certaines caractéristiques des individus.
Mots-clés :
- Joueurs excessifs,
- délinquants,
- rechute,
- récidive,
- modèles multiniveaux
Abstract
Few individuals who embrace deviant trajectories maintain a constant level of deviance over time. Fluctuations, changes and transitions are commonplace in deviant lifestyles. A limited number of studies have examined these changes in a dynamic perspective. Drawing from the method of life history calendars and considering inter-and intra-individual changes, this study compares relapse episodes among gamblers (N=50) and offenders (N=107) trajectories. Results highlight the generalizability of the criminal career analytical framework. In particular, our findings emphasize the importance of considering both individual attributes and life circumstances. We also discover in this study that the effect of life circumstances is often conditional of certain individual characteristics.
Keywords:
- Excessive gambling,
- offenders,
- relapse,
- recidivism,
- multilevel models
Resumen
En los hechos, los individuos que toman una senda desviada no logran mantener una cadencia lineal o constante dentro de su desviación. Los cambios y las transiciones son frecuentes en los caminos desviados, que en realidad fluctúan en el tiempo. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han dedicado, dinámicamente, a la explicación de dichos cambios. Sirviéndose de informaciones auto-reveladas, colectadas mediante el método de calendarios de vida y de un examen de los cambios inter e intra-individuales, este estudio compara los episodios de recaída en el transcurso de dos caminos desviados, aquellos de 50 jugadores compulsivos y los de 107 delincuentes. La demostración evidencia la característica general del marco analítico de la carrera criminal. En particular, nuestros resultados resaltan el interés de considerar a la vez los factores antecedentes (las características individuales) y los factores intervinientes (las circunstancias de la vida). En este estudio descubrimos, igualmente, que el efecto de las circunstancias de la vida es usualmente condicional a ciertas características de los individuos.
Palabras clave:
- Jugadores compulsivos,
- delincuentes,
- recaída,
- reincidencia,
- modelos multi-niveles
Appendices
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