Abstracts
Résumé
On a jusqu’ici peu étudié la surveillance en tant que phénomène sociologique, c’est-à-dire en portant attention aux dynamiques d’action et de réaction dans lesquelles s’engagent ses acteurs. On a également beaucoup trop simplifié les catégories conventionnelles des objectifs, des cibles, des acteurs et des méthodes de surveillance. Ce texte offre un certain nombre de solutions visant à éliminer ces problèmes. L’auteur y montre également à quel point les pronostics alarmistes dénonçant la surveillance excessive, aussi bien que l’insuffisance de surveillance, sont dépourvus des assises empiriques nécessaires.
Abstract
So far, the study of surveillance as a sociological phenomenon has suffered from a number of shortcomings mostly due to oversimplified categories of objectives, targets, agents and methods, as well as a lack of attention paid to the dynamics of surveillance and counter-surveillance activities. This paper offers suggestions which may be helpful to alleviate both types of problems. It also shows why more empirical observation is required before claims of impending doom, either from insufficient or from excessive surveillance, is to be considered.
Appendices
Références
- Altheide, D. (2002). Creating Fear : News and the Construction of Crisis. New York : Aldine de Gruyter.
- Bennett, C. & Raab, C. (2003). The Governance of Privacy. Brookfield, VT : Ashgate.
- Brin, D. (1999). The Transparent Society. Reading, Massachusetts : Perseus Books.
- Brodeur, J.-P. & Leman-Langlois, S. (sous presse). Surveillance-Fiction : High and Low Policing Revisited. In R. V. Ericson & K. Haggerty, The New Politics of Surveillance and Visibility. Toronto : Toronto University Press.
- Chan, J. (2003). Police and New Technologies. In T. Newburn (ed.), Handbook of Policing (655-679). Cullompton, Devon : Willan Publishing.
- Commissaire à la protection de la vie privée du Canada (2000). Rapport annuel 1999-2000. Ottawa : ministre des Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada. Disponible sur le site www.privcom.gc.ca/information/ar/02_04_08_f.asp.
- Coser, R. L. (1961). Insulation from Observability and Types of Social Conformity. American Sociological Review, 26, 28-39.
- Curry, M. (1997). Digital Places : Living With Geographic Information Systems. London : Routledge.
- Ericson, R. & Haggerty, K. (1997). Policing the Risk Society. Toronto : University of Toronto Press.
- Ewick P., & Silbey, S. (1998). The Commonplace Law : Stories from Everyday Life. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
- Foucault, M. (1975). Surveiller et punir. Paris : Gallimard.
- Gandy, O. (1993). The Panoptic Sort. Boulder : Westview.
- Gilliom, J. (2001). Overseers of the Poor. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
- Goffman, E. (1961). Asylums : Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. Chicago : Aldine.
- Handler, J. (1992). Postmodernism, Protest, and the New Social Movements. Law and Society Review, 26, 697-732.
- Leman-Langlois, S. (2005). Theft in the Information Age : Music, Technology, Crime and Claims-Making. Knowledge, Technology and Policy, 17 (3-4), 140-163.
- Leman-Langlois, S. (2002). The Myopic Panopticon : The Social Consequences of Policing Through the Lens. Policing and Society, 13, 43-58.
- Lyon, D. (2003). Surveillance after September 11th. Cambridge : Polity Press.
- Mann, S., Nolan, J. & Wellman, B. (2003). Sousveillance : Inventing and Using Wearable Computing Devices for Data Collection in Surveillance Environments. Surveillance and Society, 1, 331-355.
- Manning, P. K. (1992). Information Technologies and the Police. In M. Tonry & N. Morris. Modern Policing : Crime and Justice, A Review of Research, 15, 349-98.
- Marx, G. (1981). Ironies of Social Control : Authorities as Contributors to Deviance through Escalation, No Enforcement and Covert Facilitation. Social Problems, 28 (3), 221-246. (Pas cité dans le texte.)
- Marx, G. (2003). Some Information Age Techno-Fallacies. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 11 (1), 25-31.
- Marx, G. (2005). Seeing Hazily (But Not Darkly) Through the Lens : Some Recent Empirical Studies of Surveillance Technologies. Law and Social Inquiry, 30 (2), 339-399.
- McCahill, M. (2002). The Surveillance Web. Devon : Wilan Publishing.
- McCahill, M. (sous presse). Windows into the Soul : Surveillance and Society in an Age of High Technology. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. (Pas cité dans le texte.)
- Mathiesen, T. (1997). The Viewer Society : Michel Foucault’s ‘Panopticon’ Revisited. Theoretical Criminology, 1, 215-234.
- McCann, M. & March, T. (1995). Law and Everyday Forms of Resistance. Studies in Law, Politics, and Society, 15, 207-236.
- Meehan, A. J. (1998). The Impact of Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) Information Technology on Police Subculture through the Introduction of Information Technology. Qualitative Sociology, 21, 225-254.
- Merton, R. (1959). Control, Departion and Opportunity Structures. American Sociological Review, 24, 177-188.
- Monmonier, M. (2002). Spying With Maps. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
- National Academy of Sciences (sous presse). Privacy in the Information Age.
- Norris, C. & Armstrong, G. (1999). The Maximum Surveillance Society. Oxford : Berg.
- Norris, C., Moran, J. & Armstrong, G. (1998). Surveillance, Closed Circuit Television and Social Control. Aldershot : Ashgate.
- Nelkin, D. & Tancredi, L. (1994). The Social Power of Biological Information. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
- Newburn, T. & Hayman, S. (2002). Policing, Surveillance and Social Control. Devon : Willan Publishing.
- Regan, P. (1995). Legislating Privacy : Technology, Social Values, and Public Policy. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press.
- Rule, J. (1973). Private Lives and Public Surveillance. London : Allen Lane.
- Scott, J. (1985). Weapons of the Weak : Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven : Yale University Press.
- Smith, J. (1994). Managing Privacy. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina.
- Tunnell, K. (2004). Pissing on Demand. New York : New York University Press.