Abstracts
Abstract
Background: Finding applicants that fit in with educational environments is a goal of many educators in hopes that it will lead to successful training. “Fit” is used colloquially to describe a general feeling, however the field of study has grown to include specific terms describing the compatibility between people and their environments, organizations, and jobs. Despite common use, the term is used often but non-specifically in medical education. This review aims to examine the current literature of fit in medical education, how fit is defined, measured and whether it correlates to educational outcomes.
Methods: A systematic database search was conducted in 2024 with Medline, Embase, APA PsychINFO, ERIC and Education Source from 1970 to April 23, 2024. Key search terms included fit, student, medicine, clinical, education. Relevant data included definitions of fit, measurement tools, and correlation with educational outcomes. The standard six-step scoping review framework and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines were used.
Results: The search identified 1960 non-duplicate articles, 11 of which were included in the review after screening. Fit was specifically defined in only threearticles and was measured primarily through personality and value testing with interviews and surveys. Educational outcomes correlated positively with fit, however were studied in just three articles.
Conclusions: Person-organization fit may correlate positively with medical education outcomes however there is limited research in this field. Further research should explore methods in evaluating for fit in trainee selection while focusing on the risk of discrimination based on intrinsic biases.
Résumé
Contexte : Trouver des candidats qui s'adaptent aux environnements éducatifs est un objectif pour de nombreux éducateurs dans l'espoir que cela conduise à une formation réussie. On parlera familièrement de « bon candidat », de « bonne recrue » pour décrire un sentiment général, mais le domaine d'étude s'est développé pour inclure des termes spécifiques décrivant la compatibilité entre les personnes et leur environnement, les organisations et les emplois. Malgré son usage courant, le terme est souvent utilisé, mais de manière non spécifique, dans le domaine de l'enseignement médical. Cette étude a pour but d'examiner la littérature actuelle sur la compatibilité dans l'enseignement médical, la façon dont la compatibilité est définie et mesurée et si elle est en corrélation avec les résultats de l'enseignement.
Méthodes : Une recherche systématique a été effectuée dans les bases de données Medline, Embase, APA PsychINFO, ERIC et Education Source entre 1970 et le 23 avril 2024. Les termes clés de recherche comprenaient compatibilité (fit), étudiant, médecine, clinique, éducation. Les données pertinentes comprenaient les définitions de l'adéquation, les outils de mesure et la corrélation avec les résultats éducatifs. Le processus standard d’examen de la portée en six étapes ainsi que les recommandations du PRISMA-ScR ont été utilisés.
Résultats : L’étude a permis d'identifier 1960 articles non dupliqués, dont 11 ont été inclus dans la revue après sélection. La compatibilité (le fit) n'a été définie spécifiquement que dans trois articles et a été mesurée principalement par des tests de personnalité et de valeur au moyen d'entretiens et de sondages. Les résultats sur le plan éducationnel sont en corrélation positive avec la compatibilité, mais ils n'ont été étudiés que dans trois articles.
Conclusions : La compatibilité entre la personne et l'organisation peut être en corrélation positive avec les résultats des études médicales, mais les recherches dans ce domaine sont limitées. D'autres recherches devraient explorer les méthodes d'évaluation de la compatibilité lors de la sélection des apprenants, tout en considérant le risque de discrimination basé sur les biais intrinsèques.
Appendices
Bibliography
- Nuthalapaty FS, Jackson JR, Owen J. The influence of quality-of-life, academic, and workplace factors on residency program selection. Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll. 2004;79(5):417-425. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200405000-00010
- Min AA, Leetch A, Nuño T, Fiorello AB. How well will you FIT? Use of a modified MMI to assess applicants’ compatibility with an emergency medicine residency program. Med Educ Online. 2016;21(1):29587. https://doi.org/10.3402/meo.v21.29587
- Selvam R, Moloo H, MacRae H, Alam F, Raiche I. Virtual interviews: Less carbon, less bias? J Clim Change Health. 2022;8:100167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100167
- Shappell E, Schnapp B. The F word: how “fit” threatens the validity of resident recruitment. J Grad Med Educ. 2019;11(6):635-636. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-19-00400.1
- Stephenson-Famy A, Houmard BS, Oberoi S, Manyak A, Chiang S, Kim S. Use of the interview in resident candidate selection: a review of the literature. J Grad Med Educ. 2015;7(4):539-548. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-14-00236.1
- Cable DM, DeRue DS. The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. J Appl Psychol. 2002;87(5):875-884. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.5.875
- Cable DM, Judge TA. Person-organization fit, job choice decisions, and organizational entry. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1996;67(3):294-311. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.0081
- Swanson WS, Harris MC, Master C, Gallagher PR, Mauro AE, Ludwig S. The impact of the interview in pediatric residency selection. Ambul Pediatr. 2005;5(4):216. https://doi.org/10.1367/A04-149R1.1.
- Giberson TR, Black B, Pinkerton E. The impact of student-clinical instructor fit and student-organization fit on physical therapist clinical education experience outcomes. J Phys Ther Educ. 2008;22(1):59-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001416-200801000-00009
- Towaij C, Raîche I, Younan J, Gawad N. everyone is awesome: analyzing letters of reference in a general surgery residency selection process. J Grad Med Educ. 2020;12(5):566-570. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-20-00034.1
- Kristof-Brown AL, Zimmerman RD, Johnson EC. Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: a meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Pers Psychol. 2005;58:281-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00672.x
- Herkes J, Churruca K, Ellis LA, Pomare C, Braithwaite J. How people fit in at work: Systematic review of the association between person-organisation and person-group fit with staff outcomes in healthcare. BMJ Open. 2019;9(5):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026266
- Braithwaite J, Herkes J, Ludlow K, Testa L, Lamprell G. Association between organisational and workplace cultures, and patient outcomes: systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(11). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017708
- Ketkaew C, Manglakakeeree O, Naruetharadhol P. The interrelationships of work-related factors, person-environment fit, and employee turnover intention. Amankwah-Amoah J, ed. Cogent Bus Manag. 2020;7(1):1823580. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1823580
- Hee JM, Yap HW, Ong ZX, et al. Understanding the mentoring environment through thematic analysis of the learning environment in medical education: a systematic review. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(10):2190-2199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05000-y
- Allen M, Gawad N, Park L, Raîche I. The educational role of autonomy in medical training: a scoping review. J Surg Res. 2019;240:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.02.034
- University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry. PGME resident selection best practices.; 2019. Available from https://www.ualberta.ca/medicine/media-library/policies/programs/pgme/resident-selection-best-practices.pdf [Accessed Jan 5, 2023].
- Ryan T. Addressing bias and lack of objectivity in the Canadian resident matching process. CMAJ. 2018;190(40):E1211-E1212. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.70008
- Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol Theory Pract. 2005;8(1):19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
- Pham MT, Rajić A, Greig JD, Sargeant JM, Papadopoulos A, Mcewen SA. A scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency. Res Synth Methods. 2014;5:371-385. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1123
- Levac D, Colquhoun H, O’Brien KK. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implement Sci. 2010;5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69
- Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (prisma-scr): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467-473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
- Phillips D, Egol KA, Maculatis MC, et al. Personality factors associated with resident performance: results from 12 accreditation council for graduate medical education accredited orthopaedic surgery programs. J Surg Educ. 2018;75(1):122-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2017.06.023
- Hoffman BM, Coons MJ, Kuo PC. Personality differences between surgery residents, nonsurgery residents, and medical students. Surgery. 2010;148(2):187-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2010.04.005
- Wasserman E, Yufit RI, Pollock GH. medical specialty choice and personality. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1969;21(5):529. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740230017003
- Reed DA, Cook DA, Beckman TJ, Levine RB, Kern DE, Wright SM. Association between funding and quality of published medical education research. JAMA. 2007;298(9):1002-1009. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.9.1002
- Reed DA, Beckman TJ, Wright SM, Levine RB, Kern DE, Cook DA. Predictive validity evidence for medical education research study quality instrument scores: quality of submissions to JGIM’s medical education special issue. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(7):903-907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0664-3
- Cook DA, Reed DA. Appraising the quality of medical education research methods: the medical education research study quality instrument and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale-Education. Acad Med. 2015;90(8):1067-1076. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000786
- Clarke CL, Cooper R. Impact of advanced pharmacy practice experiences on residency interview invitations. Am J Pharm Educ. 2020;84(2):277-286. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7575
- Henderson M, Upham S, King D, Dick ML, Van Driel M. Medical students, early general practice placements and positive supervisor experiences. Educ Prim Care. 2018;29(2):71-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2017.1409084
- Thomas J, Jinks A, Jack B. Finessing incivility: The professional socialisation experiences of student nurses’ first clinical placement, a grounded theory. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(12):e4-e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.08.022
- Bamba R, Bhagat N, Tran PC, Westrick E, Hassanein AH, Wooden WA. Virtual interviews for the independent plastic surgery match: a modern convenience or a modern misrepresentation? J Surg Educ. 2020;78(2):612-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.07.038
- Sutzko DC, Boniakowski AE, Nikolian VC, et al. Alignment of personality is associated with increased intraoperative entrustment. Ann Surg. 2018;270(6):1058-1064. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002813
- Hadinger MA. Underrepresented minorities in medical school admissions: a qualitative study. Teach Learn Med. 2016;29(1):31-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2016.1220861
- Laurence C, Black LE. A person-practice-program fit, Evaluation of a GP training placement process. Aust Fam Physician. 2007;36(8):666-669. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/43674
- Cevallos JR, Gonzales PA, Berler MH, Greenberg AL, Lebares CC. Operationalizing the culture of burnout and well-being: multicenter study of value congruence and flourishing in general surgery residency. J Am Coll Surg. 2023;237(3):397-407. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCS.0000000000000775
- Cevallos JR, Gonzales PA, Berler MH, Greenberg AL, Lebares CC. Operationalizing the culture of burnout and well-being: multicenter study of value congruence and flourishing in general surgery residency. J Am Coll Surg. 2023;237(3):397-407. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCS.0000000000000775
- Higgins ET, Friedman RS, Harlow RE, Idson LC, Ayduk ON, Taylor A. Achievement orientations from subjective histories of success: promotion pride versus prevention pride. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2001;31(1):3-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.27
- John OP, Srivastava S. The Big-Five trait taxonomy: history, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In: Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research. 2nd ed. Guilford Press; 1999:102-138.
- Lanyon RI, Carle AC. Internal and external validity of scores on the balanced inventory of desirable responding and the Paulus deception scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 2007;6 7(5):859-876. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164406299104
- Cable DM, Edwards JR. Complementary and supplementary fit: a theoretical and empirical integration. J Appl Psychol. 2004;89(5):822-834. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.822
- Sandhu G, Nikolian VC, Magas CP, et al. OpTrust: validity of a tool assessing intraoperative entrustment behaviors. Ann Surg. 2018;267(4):670-676. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002235
- Roach K, Gandy J, Deusinger SS, et al. The development and testing of apta clinical performance instruments. Phys Ther. 2002;82(4):329-353. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/82.4.329
- Keyes CLM. Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73(3):539-548. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539
- Herkes J, Ellis LA, Churruca K, Braithwaite J. The ‘goodness-of-fit’ of fit models: Creating a multidimensional survey for person-organisation and person-group fit in health care. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-01033-8
- Murphy KR, Jako RA, Anhalt RL. Nature and consequences of halo error: a critical analysis. J Appl Psychol. 1993;78(2):218-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.2.218
- Fung B, Raiche I, Lamb T, Gawad N, MacNeill A, Moloo H. A chance for reform: the environmental impact of travel for general surgery residency interviews. Can Med Educ J. 2021. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.71022
- Weissbart SJ, Stock JA, Wein AJ. Program directors’ criteria for selection into urology residency. Urology. 2015;85:731-736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2014.12.041
- Patterson F, Prescott-Clements L, Zibarras L, Edwards H, Kerrin M, Cousans F. Recruiting for values in healthcare: a preliminary review of the evidence. Adv Health Sci Educ. 2015;21(4):859-881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-014-9579-4
- Crites K, Johnson J, Scott N, Shanks A. Increasing Diversity in Residency Training Programs. Cureus. 14(6):e25962. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25962
- Dinh JV, Salas E. Prioritization of diversity during the residency match: trends for a new workforce. J Grad Med Educ. 2019;11(3):319-323. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-18-00721.1