Abstracts
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss an operational framework to quantify and analyze regional economic development through the application of economic base theory. This theory asserts that regional development hinges not only on capturing income from outside the region (the basic sector), but also on the region’s ability to retain this income and circulate it locally for community benefit (in the non-basic sector). Our study focuses on Bahia, the largest state in Brazil’s Northeast Region, with a particular emphasis on its regiões geográficas imediatas (commuting zones). The study’s original contribution is to apply the economic base model in a Global South context using income data rather than employment data as a proxy. The available Brazilian data allow us to include in our analysis income flows that are generally overlooked in mainstream economics and entirely omitted from applications of this theory in the Global North. The findings underscore the pivotal role of informality, non-monetary income, and transfers, prompting further examination of regional income and its diverse sources in economic development analysis. Based on our results, we argue for a broader understanding of territorial economies as complex systems of socially embedded practices. This perspective calls for regional studies to shift away from the prevailing productivist viewpoint and toward a more holistic approach that embraces the diversity and richness of territorial economies.
Keywords:
- economic base theory,
- measures of development,
- non-wage income,
- informality,
- Brazil
Résumé
Dans cet article, nous proposons un cadre opérationnel pour quantifier et analyser le développement économique régional à partir de la théorie de la base économique. Cette théorie postule que le développement repose non seulement sur la capacité des régions à capter des revenus extérieurs (secteur basique), mais aussi sur la capacité de retenir ces revenus et les redistribuer localement, au profit des populations locales (secteur non basique ou domestique). Notre étude se concentre sur Bahia, le plus grand État de la région Nord-est du Brésil, en mettant l’accent sur ses regiões geográficas imediatas (bassins d’emploi). L’originalité de la démarche réside dans l’application du modèle de la base économique dans un contexte des Suds, en utilisant des données de revenu plutôt que d’emploi. Les données disponibles pour le Brésil permettent d’intégrer dans le modèle des flux de revenus souvent négligés par l’économie mainstream et généralement absents des applications de la théorie de la base dans les Nords. Les résultats mettent en lumière le rôle central de l’informalité, des revenus non monétaires et des transferts, soulignant la nécessité de prendre en compte la diversité des flux de revenus dans l’analyse du développement économique des régions. À partir de ces résultats, nous plaidons en faveur d’une conception élargie des économies territoriales, envisagées comme des systèmes complexes de pratiques enracinées dans des dynamiques sociales locales. Cette perspective invite les études régionales à s’éloigner du paradigme productiviste dominant pour adopter une approche plus holistique, mettant en valeur la diversité et la richesse des économies territoriales.
Mots-clés :
- théorie de la base économique,
- mesures de développement,
- revenus non-monétaires,
- informalité,
- redistribution,
- Brésil
Appendices
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