Abstracts
Abstract
In recent debates regarding the effects of digitalization on cinema, the concept of dispositif is generally used to refer to a model of spectatorship that was defined in the 1970s by Jean-Louis Baudry. Consequently, when theorists affirm that there is an “explosion” of the cinematic dispositif in the twenty-first century, they partake in this monolithic conception, which does not acknowledge the fact that watching films in the twentieth century occurred in a variety of ways, both diachronically and synchronically. Critiquing such a view, this article proposes to understand the concept of dispositif from the perspective of a historical pragmatics and to use it as a heuristic tool to analyze the vast range of moving image dispositifs that have existed historically, as well as the new dispositifs that emerge in today’s digital mediascape.
Résumé
Au cours des débats récents concernant les effets de la numérisation sur l’institution cinématographique, la notion de dispositif est généralement évoquée pour désigner le type de positionnement du spectateur défini dans les années 1970 par Jean-Louis Baudry. Par conséquent, quand il est question de l’« explosion du dispositif cinématographique » au xxie siècle, on reprend cette conception monolithique qui ne tient pas compte des différentes manières dont les spectateurs ont pu voir des films au cours du xxe siècle, diachroniquement aussi bien que synchroniquement. En critiquant une telle conception, cet article propose d’aborder le concept de dispositif dans une perspective de pragmatique historique et de l’utiliser en tant qu’outil heuristique pour analyser tout l’éventail des différents dispositifs cinématographiques qui ont existé historiquement ainsi que les nouveaux dispositifs qui émergent aujourd’hui.
Appendices
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