Abstracts
Résumé
La qualité des milieux à proximité des résidences pour personnes âgées sur l’île de Montréal, tant celles du parc privé que du parc social, est analysée sous l’angle de la pollution générée par la circulation automobile. Deux types d’indicateurs de polluants sont utilisés pour évaluer la pollution. Les premiers sont basés sur la proximité des axes majeurs de circulation et les seconds estiment, dans un rayon de 200 m, la concentration de NO2. Nos résultats montrent que les résidences privées et celles du parc social se localisent plus souvent à proximité d’axes majeurs de circulation que les résidences de l’ensemble de la population et de la population âgée. Les résidences privées se caractérisent toutefois par des concentrations moindres de NO2 comparativement à ces deux mêmes populations, alors qu’on observe l’inverse pour les résidences du parc social. Ceci s’explique notamment par leur distribution respective au sein du territoire urbanisé.
Mots-clés:
- Justice environnementale,
- équité distributionnelle,
- Montréal,
- résidences privées,
- personnes âgées,
- logement social
Abstract
We analyzed the quality of environments in proximity to private and public seniors’ residences on the Island of Montréal in terms of the pollution caused by vehicle traffic. Two types of indicators were used to assess pollution levels, one considering the proximity of the residences to major roadways and the other measuring the concentrations of NO2 in a 200 m radius around them. Our results show that both private and public seniors’ residences are more often located close to major roadways than housing in general or other seniors’ housing. However, private seniors’ residences had lower concentrations of NO2 in comparison with these other two groups, whereas we found the inverse to be true for public seniors’ residences. This stems largely from their respective distribution across the urban landscape.
Keywords:
- Environmental justice,
- distributional equity,
- Montréal,
- privately run residences,
- seniors,
- social housing
Resumen
Se analiza aquí la calidad del medio ambiente de las residencias de ancianos en la isla de Montréal, tanto del espacio público como privado, desde el punto de vista de la polución atmosférica generada por la circulación motorizada. Afín de evaluar la polución, se utilizan dos tipos de indicadores de contaminantes. El primero corresponde a la proximidad de ejes de mayor circulación, el segundo estima, dentro un radio de 200 m, la concentración de NO2. Según los resultados obtenidos, las residencias privadas y públicas para ancianos están generalmente más cerca de los ejes de mayor circulación que las de la mayoría de la población en general y de la población de ancianos. Si se comparan los dos tipos de residencia para ancianos, las de tipo privado se caracterizan por una baja concentración de NO2, mientras que lo contrario acontece con las de tipo público, lo que se explica por la distribución de estas residencias en el territorio urbano.
Palabras claves:
- Justicia ambiental,
- distribución equitativa,
- Montréal,
- residencias privadas,
- personas ancianas,
- residencias sociales
Appendices
Bibliographie
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