Abstracts
Résumé
La peine de mort n’a pas donné lieu à beaucoup de travaux en géographie, parce qu’elle semble d’abord une affaire de droit et de morale. Pourtant, elle présente une expression spatiale, en particulier aux États-Unis qui la pratiquent encore. Loin d’être une affaire d’État, elle s’y caractérise par une différenciation spatiale extrêmement marquée jusqu’à l’instance locale du comté. Pour le montrer, l’exemple du Texas, qui assume presque la moitié des exécutions étasuniennes, a été privilégié. Se fondant sur le dépouillement de 464 fiches de condamnés, complété par une approche qualitative, l’hypothèse de cette étude consiste à montrer que la variabilité spatiale de l’application de la peine de mort repose sur la présence et l’ancrage de dispositifs spatiaux légaux.
Mots-clés :
- Peine de mort,
- Texas,
- inégalités spatiales,
- géographie de la justice,
- dispositif spatial légal,
- disparité rural / urbain
Abstract
The death penalty has not given rise to much research in the field of Geography, as it is often seen as being fundamentally an issue of law and ethics. Yet it does have a territorial dimension, especially in the United States of America, where it is still widely practised. However, far from being a politically driven phenomenon, it is characterized by a very clear spatial differentiation, observable even at the county level. This study focuses on the example of Texas, which accounts for almost half of the executions in the United States. Through an analysis of the files of 464 convicted offenders, supplemented by a more qualitative approach, the study aims to show that spatial variations in death penalty enforcement occur within a particular legal and spatial framework.
Keywords:
- Death penalty,
- Texas,
- spatial inequalities,
- geography of justice,
- legal and spatial framework,
- rural-urban disparities
Resumen
La pena de muerte no ha merecido tantos trabajos en Geografía, pareciendo ser más un asunto jurídico y moral. No obstante, la pena de muerte presenta una expresión espacial, particularmente en Estados Unidos donde aún la practican. Lejos de ser una cuestión de Estado, una de sus características es la diferenciación espacial extremadamente marcada, hasta la instancia local del condado. Para demostrarlo, se privilegia aquí el ejemplo de Tejas, donde se realizan casi la mitad del total de las ejecuciones estadounidenses. Sobre la base del examen de 464 fichas de condenados a muerte, más el enfoque cualitativo que lo completa, la hipótesis propuesta en este estudio consiste en mostrar que la variabilidad espacial de la aplicación de la pena de muerte depende de la presencia y del reforzamiento de los dispositivos espaciales legales.
Palabras clave:
- Pena de muerte,
- Tejas,
- desigualdades espaciales,
- Geografía de la justicia,
- dispositivo espacial legal,
- disparidad rural / urbana
Appendices
Bibliographie
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