Abstracts
Abstract
The project to provide voluntary assisted dying (VAD) has grown significantly and at an accelerating rate over the past two decades in over 30 countries on four continents. Yet, concomitant with this rise is an increasing opposition to it based on legal, medical, and ethical grounds advanced by a wide range of detractors, giving pause to projects already underway, and bringing its enlargement to a halt. Simultaneously, persons seeking relief from suffering continue to be denied VAD access or are forced to wait for it by decreed compulsory living. Those assisting beyond the legislated parameters of a VAD regime are facing criminal prosecution. The contraposition to VAD has raised the risk of desperate persons seeking relief by committing violent suicide, endangering family, friends, and first responders. In light of this concerning development, I identify how the prevailing legislated approach at the source of these issues is both paradigmatic and problematic. Amendments to existing prohibitions for assisted dying or homicide become the foundation of an assisted dying regime that codifies its essential features, including client typology, life quality for service access or its denial, who is authorized to provide VAD, and when and how it can be administered. While this approach continues to be replicated extensively and has provided some relief to unbearable living, I show how an alternative, time-tested, evidence-based approach for VAD offers an optional pathway that could avoid many of the most challenging aspects of the prevalent model.
Keywords:
- medical assisted dying,
- euthanasia,
- suicide,
- health policy,
- ethics
Résumé
Le projet d’aide volontaire à mourir (AVM) s’est considérablement développé et à un rythme accéléré au cours des deux dernières décennies dans plus de 30 pays sur quatre continents. Pourtant, parallèlement à cet essor, une opposition croissante s’est manifestée sur la base de motifs juridiques, médicaux et éthiques avancés par un large éventail de détracteurs, ce qui a donné une pause aux projets déjà en cours et a mis un terme à leur expansion. Dans le même temps, les personnes qui cherchent à soulager leurs souffrances continuent de se voir refuser l’accès à l’AVM ou d’être contraintes d’attendre qu’il soit mis en place en raison d’une obligation de vie décrétée. Ceux qui aident au-delà des paramètres légaux d’un régime d’AVM s’exposent à des poursuites pénales. L’opposition à l’AVM a augmenté le risque que des personnes désespérées cherchant à être soulagées se suicident violemment, mettant en danger leur famille, leurs amis et les premiers intervenants. À la lumière de cette évolution préoccupante, nous identifions comment l’approche législative dominante à la source de ces questions est à la fois paradigmatique et problématique. Les amendements aux interdictions existantes de l’aide à mourir ou de l’homicide deviennent le fondement d’un régime d’aide à mourir qui codifie ses caractéristiques essentielles, y compris la typologie des clients, la qualité de vie pour l’accès au service ou son refus, les personnes autorisées à fournir AVM, ainsi que le moment et la manière dont il peut être administré. Bien que cette approche continue d’être largement reproduite et qu’elle ait apporté un certain soulagement à une vie insupportable, nous montrons comment une approche alternative, éprouvée et fondée sur des preuves pour l’aide à la mort volontaire offre une voie optionnelle qui pourrait éviter bon nombre des aspects les plus difficiles du modèle prédominant.
Mots-clés :
- aide médicale à mourir,
- euthanasie,
- suicide,
- politique de santé,
- éthique
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Appendices
Acknowledgements / Remerciements
I’m grateful for the support of the WV University Research Center on Violence, where I am an Associate.
Je suis reconnaissante du soutien du WV University Research Center on Violence, où je suis associée.
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