Abstracts
Abstract
Although humanitarian work is linked to ethical issues that are sometimes of concern, no review of the literature to date has described these issues and their possible responses. Following the method proposed by McCullough, Coverdale and Chervenak, a critical review of the literature was conducted to fill this gap in the existing literature. 83 articles were selected for analysis and a total of 25 units of meaning emerged, which were grouped into three broad categories of ethical issues: 1) subjective ethical experiences, 2) practical ethical problems, and 3) politics and power. In terms of possible responses to these issues, six articles propose responses that are either preventative or restorative in nature. In the end, although the corpus of texts studied is dominated by the often rich, sometimes anecdotal experiential experiences of field actors in humanitarian work, little empirical research has been conducted to date to identify the ethical issues related to this practice and the possible responses to them. Also, none of the proposed responses have been empirically tested to determine their relevance and effectiveness.
Keywords:
- humanitarian work,
- humanitarian ethics,
- ethical experiences,
- ethical problems,
- politics and power,
- literature review
Résumé
Bien que le travail humanitaire soit lié à des questions éthiques parfois préoccupantes, aucune revue de la littérature n’a jusqu’à présent décrit ces questions et les réponses possibles. Suivant la méthode proposée par McCullough, Coverdale et Chervenak, une revue critique de la littérature a été réalisée afin de combler cette lacune dans la littérature existante. 83 articles ont été sélectionnés pour être analysés et 25 unités de sens ont émergé, qui ont été regroupées en trois grandes catégories de questions éthiques : 1) expériences éthiques subjectives, 2) problèmes éthiques pratiques et 3) politique et pouvoir. En termes de réponses possibles à ces questions, six articles proposent des réponses de nature préventive ou réparatrice. Au final, bien que le corpus de textes étudiés soit dominé par les expériences souvent riches, parfois anecdotiques, des acteurs de terrain du travail humanitaire, peu de recherches empiriques ont été menées à ce jour pour identifier les enjeux éthiques liés à cette pratique et les réponses possibles à ces enjeux. De même, aucune des réponses proposées n’a été testée empiriquement afin d’en déterminer la pertinence et l’efficacité.
Mots-clés :
- travail humanitaire,
- éthique humanitaire,
- expériences éthiques,
- problèmes éthiques,
- politique et pouvoir,
- revue de la littérature
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Appendices
Remerciements / Acknowledgements
Nous remercions sincèrement Guy Trépanier, ancien bibliothécaire de l’UQTR, pour son aide dans l’identification des mots-clés pertinents à utiliser dans les bases de données, et Matthew Hunt, de l’Université McGill, pour ses commentaires perspicaces et précieux qui ont permis d’améliorer les versions antérieures de cet article. Marie-Josée Drolet remercie le CRSH pour la précieuse subvention qu’il a accordée à cette recherche.
We sincerely thank Guy Trépanier, former librarian at UQTR, for his help in identifying relevant keywords to use on the databases, and Matthew Hunt, at McGill University, for his insightful and valuable feedback in improving earlier versions of this article. Marie-Josée Drolet recognizes SSHRC’s invaluable financial support for this research.
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