Abstracts
Abstract
The allocation of critical care resources and triaging patients garnered a great deal of attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is a paucity of guidance regarding the ethical aspects of resource allocation and patient prioritization in ‘normal’ circumstances for Canadian healthcare systems. One context where allocation and prioritization decisions are required are surgical waitlists, which have been globally exacerbated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we detail the process used to develop an ethics framework to support prioritization for elective surgery at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, a tertiary pediatric hospital. Our goal was to provide guidance for the more value-laden aspects of prioritization, particularly when clinical urgency alone is insufficient to dictate priority. With this goal in mind, we worked to capture familial, relational, and equity considerations. As part of our institution’s concerted efforts to ethically and effectively address our surgical backlog, an ethics working group was formed comprising clinicians from surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, a hospital bioethicist, a parent advisor, and an academic bioethics researcher. A reflective equilibrium process was used to develop an ethics framework. To this end, the same methodology was used to create a support for patient prioritization that identifies clinically and morally relevant factors for prioritization among medically similar surgical cases, with a substantive goal being to identify and redress health inequities in surgical prioritization, inasmuch as this is possible. While further steps are needed to validate several aspects of the framework, our research suggests that an ethics framework grounded in the practical realities of hospital operations provides consistency, transparency, and needed support for decisions that are often left to individual clinicians, as well as an opportunity to reflect upon the presence of health inequities in all domains of healthcare delivery.
Keywords:
- prioritization,
- health equity,
- resource allocation,
- rationing,
- distributive justice,
- organizational ethics
Résumé
L’allocation des ressources en soins intensifs et le triage des patients ont fait l’objet d’une grande attention pendant la pandémie de COVID-19, mais il y a peu de conseils concernant les aspects éthiques de l’allocation des ressources et de la priorisation des patients dans des circonstances "normales" pour les systèmes de soins de santé canadiens. Les listes d’attente chirurgicales, qui ont été globalement exacerbées par la pandémie de COVID-19, sont l’un des contextes dans lesquels des décisions d’allocation et de priorisation sont nécessaires. Dans cet article, nous détaillons le processus utilisé pour développer un cadre éthique afin de soutenir la priorisation des opérations chirurgicales non urgentes à l’Hôpital pour enfants malades de Toronto, un hôpital pédiatrique tertiaire. Notre objectif était de fournir des conseils pour les aspects les plus valorisants de l’établissement des priorités, en particulier lorsque l’urgence clinique n’est pas suffisante pour dicter la priorité à elle seule. Dans cette optique, nous nous sommes efforcés de prendre en compte les aspects familiaux, relationnels et d’équité. Dans le cadre des efforts concertés de notre institution pour traiter de manière éthique et efficace notre retard en matière de chirurgie, un groupe de travail sur l’éthique a été formé, composé de cliniciens de la chirurgie, de l’anesthésie, des soins intensifs, d’un bioéthicien de l’hôpital, d’un conseiller parental et d’un chercheur en bioéthique de l’université. Un processus d’équilibre réflexif a été utilisé pour développer un cadre éthique. À cette fin, la même méthodologie a été utilisée pour créer un support pour la priorisation des patients qui identifie les facteurs cliniquement et moralement pertinents pour la priorisation parmi les cas chirurgicaux médicalement similaires, avec un objectif substantiel étant d’identifier et de corriger les inégalités en matière de santé dans la priorisation chirurgicale, dans la mesure où cela est possible. Bien que d’autres étapes soient nécessaires pour valider plusieurs aspects du cadre, notre recherche suggère qu’un cadre éthique fondé sur les réalités pratiques des opérations hospitalières apporte la cohérence, la transparence et le soutien nécessaire aux décisions qui sont souvent laissées aux cliniciens individuels, ainsi qu’une occasion de réfléchir à la présence d’inégalités en matière de santé dans tous les domaines de la prestation de soins de santé.
Mots-clés :
- priorisation,
- équité de santé,
- allocation des ressources,
- rationnement,
- justice distributive,
- éthique organisationnelle
Appendices
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