Abstracts
Abstract
Bioethicists have long advocated for patients’ rights by deliberating on what physicians should or should not do for the well-being of patients. Part of this advocacy has involved challenging a paternalistic medical model where physicians are seen as authoritative figures above reproach. Through ombudsperson offices, patients can submit complaints that may lead to medical examiners conducting detailed examinations of physicians’ conduct and decision-making. Prior research indicates that complaints can have serious and broad effects on physicians. We conducted a scoping review to explore and evaluate the extent of the quantitative and qualitative literature examining the effects of complaints on physicians in European and Commonwealth countries. We systematically searched electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycInfo) and grey literature for primary research that collected information directly from physicians on at least one potential effect of formal complaints. After screening the titles/abstracts of 14,913 records and reviewing 137 full-texts, 25 studies were included. The 25 studies reported on several potential effects, including the patient-physician relationship (3 studies), defensive medicine (14 studies), anxiety (8 studies), depression (8 studies), one’s identity as a physician (5 studies), and anger (5 studies). Generally, the effects evaluated in the included studies were negative. Although the existing literature covered a range of possible effects, few studies assessed the same effects via different methods, and in different regions and contexts. The findings of this scoping review suggest that complaints processes can have negative effects on physicians.
Keywords:
- complaints,
- ombudsman,
- medical examiners,
- physicians,
- psychological impact,
- scoping review
Résumé
Les bioéthiciens défendent depuis longtemps les droits des patients en délibérant sur ce que les médecins doivent ou ne doivent pas faire pour le bien-être des patients. Une partie de ce plaidoyer a consisté à remettre en question un modèle médical paternaliste où les médecins sont considérés comme des figures d’autorité irréprochables. Par l’intermédiaire des bureaux d’ombudsman, les patients peuvent déposer des plaintes qui peuvent conduire à un examen détaillé, par un médecin légiste, de la conduite et des décisions des médecins. Des recherches antérieures indiquent que les plaintes peuvent avoir des conséquences graves et étendues sur les médecins. Nous avons effectué une revue de la littérature afin d’explorer et d’évaluer l’étendue de la littérature quantitative et qualitative examinant l’impact des plaintes sur les médecins dans les pays européens et du Commonwealth. Nous avons systématiquement recherché dans les bases de données électroniques (CINAHL, MEDLINE et PsycInfo) et dans la littérature grise les recherches primaires qui ont recueilli des informations directement auprès des médecins sur au moins un impact potentiel des plaintes officielles. Après avoir passé en revue les titres et résumés de 14 913 enregistrements et examiné 137 textes complets, 25 études ont été retenues. Ces 25 études font état de plusieurs répercussions potentielles, notamment sur la relation patient-médecin (3 études), la médecine défensive ou l’évitement (14 études), l’anxiété (8 études), la dépression (8 études), l’identité du médecin (5 études) et la colère (5 études). En général, les impacts évalués dans les études incluses étaient négatifs. Bien que la littérature existante couvre un éventail d’impacts possibles, peu d’études ont évalué les mêmes impacts par différentes méthodes, et dans différentes régions et contextes. Les résultats de cette revue de la littérature suggèrent que les processus de plaintes peuvent avoir des impacts négatifs sur les médecins.
Mots-clés :
- plaintes,
- ombudsman,
- médecins légistes,
- médecins,
- impact psychologique,
- revue de cadrage
Appendices
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