Abstracts
Abstract
Attending to racism and US bioethics raises the question of whether and how racism in bioethics has been the subject of bioethical scrutiny. Bioethics has certainly brought its analytical tools to bear on racist aspects of clinical care and biomedical research. But has bioethics studied racism in bioethics as its subject? A close examination of relevant reports, articles, and books in the US bioethics literature published in the early days of the field, pre-2000, shows mixed findings. In the 1970s, racism as a bioethical concern was variously nonexistent, vaguely implied, and powerfully examined and condemned. In the late 1980s/early to mid-1990s, racism was more frequently described and critiqued, often in the context of discussions about African American perspectives of biomedical ethics and inequities in health care. Understanding how racism in bioethics has been addressed as an ethical concern has consequences for the historical narratives told about the field, for antiracist bioethics work today, and for envisioning an antiracist future for bioethics.
Keywords:
- racism,
- bioethics,
- white supremacy,
- Tuskegee,
- Belmont Report,
- African American perspectives
Résumé
L’étude du racisme et de la bioéthique américaine soulève la question de savoir si et comment le racisme a fait l’objet d’un examen bioéthique. Il est certain que la bioéthique a utilisé ses outils d’analyse pour étudier les aspects racistes des soins cliniques et de la recherche biomédicale. Mais la bioéthique a-t-elle étudié le racisme dans la bioéthique en tant que sujet? Un examen attentif des rapports, articles et livres pertinents de la littérature de bioéthique américaine publiés aux débuts de ce domaine, avant 2000, révèle des résultats mitigés. Dans les années 1970, le racisme en tant que préoccupation bioéthique était inexistant, vaguement sous-entendu, puis examiné et condamné avec force. À la fin des années 1980 et au début des années 1990, le racisme était plus fréquemment décrit et critiqué, souvent dans le contexte de discussions sur les perspectives afro-américaines de l’éthique biomédicale et des inégalités dans les soins de santé. Comprendre comment le racisme en bioéthique a été abordé comme une préoccupation éthique a des conséquences sur les récits historiques racontés sur le domaine, sur le travail de bioéthique antiraciste d’aujourd’hui et sur la vision d’un avenir bioéthique antiraciste.
Mots-clés :
- racisme,
- bioéthique,
- suprématie blanche,
- Tuskegee,
- rapport Belmont,
- perspectives afro-américaines
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Appendices
Remerciements / Acknowledgements
Je suis reconnaissant à Ruqaiijah Yearby d’avoir posé la perspicace question historique qui a déclenché cette recherche et aux deux réviseurs pour leurs commentaires utiles.
I am grateful to Ruqaiijah Yearby for asking the insightful historical question that sparked this research and to the two reviewers for their helpful comments.
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