Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article défend une définition de l’exploitation, restreinte aux relations de travail, en tentant d’une part d’expliciter une certaine compréhension de sens commun du concept (rémunération inéquitable en fonction du travail presté), et d’autre part d’échapper aux difficultés qui ont affecté la définition marxiste traditionnelle de l’exploitation comme extorsion de la plus-value (dans ses diverses variantes). Il explore ainsi le lien entre l’exploitation et l’obligation matérielle de travailler pour subvenir à ses besoins fondamentaux. Après avoir mis en garde contre les politiques d’activation des chômeurs, il conclut que l’exploitation est un phénomène contre lequel on peut lutter à l’aide de mécanismes relativement simples, même dans les sociétés capitalistes. Il rappelle toutefois que cela ne suffit pas à réaliser la justice sociale, resituant l’exploitation parmi d’autres enjeux fondamentaux pour une philosophie politique égalitariste
Abstract
This paper offers a definition of exploitation, restricted to work relationships, that pretends to be closer to a common sense understanding of the concept – an unfair remuneration in relation to the work performed. The proposed definition also aims at avoiding the troubles that have affected the traditional Marxist definition of exploitation as surplus value extraction in its various forms. Thus, the paper investigates the connection between exploitation and the material obligation to work in order to satisfy one’s basic needs. It warns against the damages induced by the politics of activation of the unemployed. And it concludes that exploitation can be fought using relatively simple instruments, even in capitalist societies. Nonetheless, relocating exploitation among other fundamental concerns for an egalitarian political philosophy, it reminds that the fight against exploitation is not enough for the achievement of social justice.
Appendices
Bibliographie
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